Perilampus hyalinus, Say, 1829

Yoo, Jeong Jae & Darling, D. Christopher, 2025, Taxonomic revision of the Perilampus carolinensis species complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae), and the description of five new species, Zootaxa 5621 (2), pp. 151-195 : 159

Perilampus hyalinus species group

P. hyalinus species group sensu Smulyan (1936) and Darling (1996).

Description. FEMALE. Color: head and body entirely or at least partially brightly iridescent blue, green, violet, or cupreous ( Fig. 2A–C ).

Head: in anterior view weakly transverse, slightly wider than high, HW/HH 1.2–1.3; slightly wider than pronotum, HW/PW 1.1–1.2. Frontal carina: distinct, extended from posterior margin of median ocellus ( Fig. 2A ) to near lower eye margin; in dorsal view narrow around median ocellus. Ocelli: median ocellus in line with lateral ocelli or only slightly advanced. Eye: slightly shorter than head height, EH/HH 0.6–0.7. Vertex: rounded behind. Occiput: with vertical groove below vertex, with subparallel costulae; occipital carina absent. Malar space: with oblique striae obliterating malar sulcus ( Fig. 2B ). Clypeus: weakly transverse to strongly transverse, CW/ CH 1.3– 1.6; lateral sulci straight or weakly curved, strongly divergent; with small and indistinct tentorial pits; epistomal sulcus concave, deeper and more distinct than lateral sulci; ventral margin concave or nearly straight. Supraclypeal area: subquadrate; shorter and narrower than clypeus, SCH/ CH 0.5–0.6. Scape: length about 0.6× EH; narrow throughout; pits absent or if present distad covering no more than 0.2× scape length. Flagellum: anellus transverse, AL/PL about 0.3; Fu1 subquadrate, Fu1L/Fu1W 1.0–1.1; subequal to or slightly longer in length than pedicel, Fu1L/PL 1.0–1.3; Fu2 subquadrate or transverse, Fu3–Fu7 transverse; clava 4-segmented, C1–3 as long dorsad as ventrad, with distinct terminal button (C4).

Mesosoma: slightly longer than wide, ML/MW 1.2–1.3. Pronotum: carinulate; short, PN/MSC about 0.2; shorter along midline, 0.5–0.7 length laterad; anterior margin sharp, all rows of punctures on same plane. Lateral panel of pronotum: without flange or with flange below level of mesothoracic spiracle in posterior oblique view; anterior margin sharp, all rows of punctures on same plane. Prepectus: wide and triangular; differentiated from pronotum with distinct suture; ventral strap short, without row of alveolae; central area of lateral panel smooth, with foveae along dorsal and posterior margins. Mesoscutum: midlobe without tubercle; notaulus distinct and continuous, uninterrupted by sculpture of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum: without tubercle; slightly longer than mesoscutum, SC/MSC 1.2–1.3; strongly vaulted, frenum ventrad and not visible in the dorsal view. Axilla: with axillar shelf ( Fig. 2C ). Axillula: elongate and finger-like, AxL/AxH usually 2.0 or greater ( Fig. 2C ). Metanotum: short, length 0.4–0.5× length of propodeum along midline. Propodeum: width about 3× length along midline; submedian area smooth to weakly imbricate, with foveae or groove laterad median carina, delimited laterad and ventrad by complete plicae, dorsad by transverse band of foveae; callus with angulate process below spiracle, and alveolate-rugose, with alveolae sometimes obliterated below spiracle; nucha with transverse to arcuate rugae. Fore wing: elongate, WL/ WW 2.3–2.4; hyaline, with yellow or brown venation; parastigma swollen with weak equilateral triangular process; postmarginal vein 0.7–0.8× as long as marginal vein; stigmal vein 0.3–0.4× as long as marginal vein; stigma with weak uncus.

Metasoma: petiole short and straplike, with weak transverse wrinkles; petiolar flange short with ventral margin of upper area with shallow emargination mesad; antecostal sulcus transverse, with weak vertical carinae laterad and smoothened mesad; Mt2 with trapezoidal demarcation and shallow median groove, imbricate and wrinkled anteriad, and smooth posterad without lateral protuberances along midline, posterior margin straight and sparsely setose; Mt3 smooth.

MALE. As in female, except: color: mesonotum sometimes nearly entirely black or with cupreous iridescence. Eye: in dorsal view often more bulbous. Ocellus: often larger. Ocellar ratios LOD: POL: OOL: LOL: often shorter. Frontal carina: distance from lateral ocellus usually shorter. Lower face setae: as dense or denser around and below torulus. Malar space: MSL/EH often shorter. Flagellum: slightly wider. Scape: in anterior view weakly expanded distad, 1.3–1.4× width above radicle; with distinct pits on anterior surface; pitted surface not swollen in lateral view. Aedeagus: without a pair of lateral spines.

Diagnosis. The P. hyalinus species group is characterized by brightly iridescent coloration ( Fig. 2A–C ), a distinct frontal carina extended from the posterior margin of the median ocellus ( Fig. 2A cf. Fig. 2D ) to near the lower eye margin, oblique costae obliterating malar sulcus ( Fig. 2B cf. Fig. 2E ), a carinulate pronotum ( Yoo and Darling 2024, fig. 2H), a distinct and uninterrupted notaulus ( Yoo and Darling 2024, fig. 2H), an axilla with an axillar shelf ( Fig. 2C cf. Fig. 2F ), and an elongate, finger-like axillula ( Fig. 2C cf. Fig. 2F ). The P. platigaster species group has a similar structure of the frontal carina, axilla, and axillula, but is distinguished by having a malar sulcus ( Fig. 2E ) and general body color that is black with or without weak iridescent reflections.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Perilampus hyalinus species group (A–C) and other Perilampus species groups (D–F). A, P. falcatus: frons. B, P. carolinensis: malar space. C, P. cabecar: axillula. D, P. auratus: frons. E, P. pappi: malar space. F, Perilampus sp: axillula. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillar shelf; fc, frontal carina; msl, malar sulcus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME152658; B DHJPAR0021669; C ROME162500; D ROME161683; E DHJPAR0040306; F ROME182831].