Cyclidius lacordairei Thomson, 1860

Rodrigues, Diego F., Grossi, Paschoal C. & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., 2025, Taxonomic revision of Cremastocheilini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from South America and an updated key for the genera of the New World, Journal of Natural History 59 (17 - 20), pp. 1063-1125 : 1086-1091

Cyclidius lacordairei Thomson, 1860

( Figures 13–16 , 19 , 32 (B, C, E, F))

Cyclidius lacordairei Thomson, 1860, p. 37 (original combination)

Cyclidius acherontius Kolbe, 1893 (new junior subjective synonym)

Taxonomic history

Thomson 1860, p. 37–38 (original description). – Westwood 1874: 54 (taxonomic revision). – Kolbe 1893: 211 (descriptions). – Schenkling 1921: 378 (catalogue). – Blackwelder 1944: 265 (catalogue). – Krajčik 1999: 42 (catalogue). – Carvajal et al. 2011: 297

(catalogue). – Di Iorio 2013: 82 (distribution and references). – Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 203 (checklist). – Schoolmeesters 2024 (catalogue).

Diagnosis

Cyclidius lacordairei is recognised by the following combination of characters: Protibia with a medial-proximal tooth ( Figures 13 (C)–16(C)); in female, the clypeus is narrow and bidentate, raised anteriorly ( Figures 15 (C)–16(C)); in males, the clypeus is elongated, forming a bilobed horn raised anteriorly ( Figures 13 (C)–14(C)).

Redescription

Male. Size: length: 27.2– 24.3 mm; width: 12.6– 11.8 mm. Colour: Body dorsally black ( Figure 13 (A)) or with part of elytra reddish orange centrally; or also greenish grey with part of the elytra reddish orange centrally ( Figure 14 (A)). Head: Clypeus projection bent upwards in frontal view, apically bilobed ( Figures 13 (C)–14(C)). Mentum shallowly concave centrally. Pronotum: Longitudinally wide, velutinous or not; margin on lateral border incomplete; occasionally with an inconspicuously longitudinal punctate line, from the basomedian region to before middle of the centre. Elytra: Velutinous laterally on elytral disc and glossy punctate centrally and on the border. Legs: Protibia: Enlarged centrally, with medial-proximal tooth ( Figures 13 (D)–14(D)). Profemur: With central emargination between two rounded projections ( Figure 14 (D)). Aedeagus: Parameres curving dorsally, each apex rounded, with a callus proximally, before the central membranous portion ( Figures 13 (G, H), 14(G, H)).

Sexual dimorphism

Female size: length: 26.4– 20.6 mm; width: 13.4– 11.1 mm. Female with narrow and bidentate clypeus anteriorly, tips of different shapes ( Figures 15 (C)–16(C)); males pronotum is wider than in females.

Morphological variation

There are some females with asymmetry at the tips of the clypeal projections. The width and length of the clypeal projection may vary. The frons has a longitudinal elevation in the centre, which can connect to the front part of the clypeus in some specimens; the elevation of the two tubercles on the frons posteriorly differs, and they can be velutinous posteriorly. The mentum is straight, not concave centrally, in a few females. Margin of the lateral border of pronotum is complete in some females. In some specimens, it is possible to observe the brown colouration in the glossy region at the centre of the elytra. The thoracic venter can be entirely velutinous. The regions that turn greenish grey are velutinous. The medial-proximal teeth of the protibia may vary in size in some specimens. A crumpled impression on the ventrites laterally can be observed in some specimens from Equador.

Geographical distribution

Cyclidius lacordairei is known from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, and Venezuela, corresponding to the biogeographical provinces of Cauca, Cerrado, Guiana, Guiana Lowlands, Imeri, Madeira, Magdalena, Napo, Pará, Páramo, Paraná Forest, Rondônia, Roraima, Sabana, Western Ecuador, Xingu-Tapajós, and Yungas ( Figure 19 ).

Natural history

Found on top of a plant on the bank of the Igarapé in Novo Airão (Amazonas, Brazil) and inside of Azteca cf. chartifex Forel, 1896 ( Hymenoptera , Formicidae ) nest ( Alves-Oliveira et al. 2016).

Remarks

The species name Cyclidius ochrosidius is unavailable. Cited in the book Escarabajos del Ecuador ( Carvajal et al. 2011, p. 297), it was likely confused by Carvajal et al. (2011) with Cyclidius acherontius , described by Kolbe (1893) (synonymised here with Cyclidius lacordairei ). Another issue was noted in Alves-Oliveira et al. (2016), where a photo of a female of Cyclidius lacordaire was mistakenly labelled as a male of Cyclidius elongatus . Some specimens of C. lacordairei jave been reported for the west side of the Andes, which would normally be biogeographically unfeasible. However, this distribution is not impossible, as similar patterns are observed in other Scarabaeoidea taxa. One of the specimens from Venezuela, collected from the Acuro River (at IRSNB), has an anterior leg glued in place of the middle leg, which may belong to another specimen with the same label that does not have one of the anterior legs. Although C. lacordairei exhibits significant variation in some characteristics (such as colour), there is no clear correspondence with distribution patterns, making it unlikely to separate them from other species. However, at the extreme ends of its distribution, a few males display subtle changes in the clypeal horn. Given the limited number of specimens, it is difficult to determine whether these represent different taxa.

Type specimens examined (n = 5)

Type of Cyclidius lacordairei figure (holotype missing, figure from Lacordaire 1856, pl. 39, fig. 3): ( Figures 32 (B, E)) Labels ‘[ PERU] Peruvio. ♂ Long. 33mill.; lat. 14 mill’ (data from Thomson 1860, p. 37)/‘ Cyclidius lacordairei Thomson, 1860 ’ (♂?). Lectotype of Cyclidius acherontius (no. 1) (here designated): ( Figure 32 (C, F)) Labels [ ECUADOR] [1: printed text on blue label] ‘Columbien, Esmeralda, Honrath V’./[2: handwritten text in black on a cream label] ‘ Cyclidius acherontius Kolbe’/[3: printed text on cream label] ‘64,951’/[4: printed on yellow label] ‘Zool. Mus. Berlin’/[5: handwritten text in blue on a cream label] “Photo [?]jl79/[6: printed on red label] ‘Typus’/[7: printed text on red label] ‘ SYNTYPUS Cyclidius acherontius Kolbe, 1893 labelled by MNHUB 2013’/[8: printed and handwritten text on red label] ‘ LECTOTYPE Cyclidius acherontius Kolbe, 1893 Rodrigues, Grossi & des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2023’/[9: handwritten and printed text on white label] ‘ Cyclidius lacordairei ♂ Det. D.F. Rodrigues, 2023 ’ (1 ♂ deposited at MFNB). Paralectotypes of Cyclidius acherontius (no. 4): [1: printed text on blue label] ‘Columbien, Esmeralda, Honrath V’./[2: printed text on red label] ‘Typus’/[3: handwritten text in black on a cream label] ‘habt [??] Ohaus in Termitengängen’/[4: printed text on yellow label] ‘Zool. Mus. Berlin’/[5: printed text on red label] ‘ SYNTYPUS Cyclidius acherontius Kolbe 1893 labelled by MNHUB 2013’ (1 ♀ MFNB); [1: printed text on blue label] ‘Columbien, Esmeralda, Honrath V’./[2: printed text on yellow label] ‘Zool. Mus. Berlin’/[3: printed text on red label] ‘Typus’/[4: printed text on red label] ‘ SYNTYPUS Cyclidius acherontius Kolbe 1893 labelled by MNHUB 2013’ (3 ♀ MFNB).

Non-type specimens examined (n = 145)

BRAZIL (43): ColeÇão didatica [Didactic collection] da UFRA-ICA (1 ♀ CERPE); Jesus [?] (1 ♀ MFNB); Acre: Rio Branco , 05 .iv .1996, P.A.C. Brito (1 ♀ CEMT 00192387 ) .

Amazonas: Rio Yaro und Rio Purus (2 ♀ MFNB); Rio Yaro und Rio Purus, Moeckel , Duhaut (1 ♀ MFNB); Benjamin Constant , ix .1941, Parko (1 ♀ CEMT 00192397 ); Benjamin Constant, ix .1955, J.C. Lima (1 ♀ CEMT 00192398 ); Benjamin Constant, rio Javerny alto Amazonas, ii .1962, Dirings (1 ♀ MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari , i .1942, A. Parko (1 ♀ CMNC); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari , x .1942, A. Parko (1 ♀ DZUP, 2 ♀ CMNC); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari, Dirings (1 ♀ MZSP); Benjamin Constant , Rio Javari , viii .1960, Dirings (1 ♀ MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari , iv.1964, Dirings (1 ♀ MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari , x .1969, Dirings (1 ♀ MZSP); Benjamin Constant, rio Amazonas Quichito , vi .1942, A. Parko (1 ♀ DZUP) Coari, rio Oruco, Angelim , 5°3 ʹ 33”S, 65°14 ʹ 48”W, 23 .xi–02 .xii.1992, M. Gordo (1 ♀ CEMT 00192399 ); Manaus, BR 174 Km 16, Comunidade Paraíso Verde, 06 .xi .2005, A.W.M. Gomes (1 ♀ CEMT 00192385 ); Manaus, campus UFAM, Mini, Bloco ‘E’, corredor, 25 .xii .2005, A.W.M. Gomes, col (1 ♀ CZPB); Manaus, campus Univ . Amaz . 28.ii.1990, N.O. Aguiar (1 ♀ CEMT 00192384 ); Manaus, campus universitário FUA, 16 .xi .1990, N.O. Aguiar (1 ♀ CEMT 00192386 ); Manaus, INPA Biotério, 25 .ii .1980, U.B. Carvalho (1 ♂ INPA); Manaus, Reserva Adolpho Ducke , 26 . x .2005, A. Agudelo (1 ♀ INPA); Manicoré (2 ♀ IRSNB); Novo Airão, ramal do Olímpio , Refúgio Arambóia , 2°39 ʹ 23”S, 60°55 ʹ 44”W, 08 .xi .2003, N.O. Aguiar (1 ♂ CEMT 00192392 ); Novo Aripuanã , 05°15 ʹ S, 60°09”W, 24–29 .viii .2003, F.F. Xavier F° and L.S. Aquino (1 ♀ INPA); Presidente Figueiredo, Estrada [Road] de Balbina km 12, Igarapé Santuário , 02°03 ʹ 36”S, 59°55 ʹ 35”W, 19–30 .ix .2003, F.F. Xavier F° and J.M. Vidal (1 ♀ INPA); São Paulo de OlivenÇa (1 ♀ MFNB); Tabatinga , viii .1978, B. Silva (1 ♂ CEMT 00192381 ); Tonantins, 7 .ii .2002 (1 ♀ KPC 157 ); Tonantins, 13 .ii .2022 (1 ♀ KPC 158 ) . Mato Grosso: Carlinda , Agropecuária Verde Paraíso, 21 .xi .2010; M.M.E. Sousa (1 ♀ CEMT 00192382 ); Nova Mutum, Fazenda [Farm] Santo Antonio, 26 . ii .2014, A.A. C. Junior (1 ♀ CERPE); Rosário Oeste , xii.1972, Coll A. Muller (1 ♂ CEMT 00192380 ); Sinop, xii .1972, Col . Moacir Alvarenga (1 ♀ CLGC) . Pará: A. Ducke (1 ♀ IRSNB); Altamira , 26 .v .2018, J.S. Silva (1 ♂ CERPE); Belém , ii .1968, A. Bello (1 ♀ CEMT 00192383 ); Itaituba, Santaremsinho , Rio Tapajóz , i .1962, Dirings (1 ♂ MZSP) . Paraná: Londrina , campus UEL, 10 .xi .2004, J. Lopes (1 ♂ CEMT 00192391 ) . Rondônia: Porto Velho, 26 .ii .1979, J. Campbell (1 ♀ INPA) . COLOMBIA (24): no data (4 ♀ 1 ♂ IRSNB; 1 ♀ MFNB) . Amazonas: Leticia , 14–29 .V .2020 (1 ♀ KPC 0156 ); PNN . Amacayacu , 100 m, malaise, ii .1998, Álvarez , M. (1 ♀ IAvH-E-071528) . Caqueta: 31 .iv .2003 , Insectplanet leg (1 ♀ CERPE); Cauca: S. Assis [?] (1 ♀ MFNB) . [Condimarca]: Bogotá, 89–82 (2 ♀ CMNC); Cordillere de Bogotá (2 ♀ IRSNB); Santa fé de Bogotá (2 ♀ MFNB); Meta: Cubarral, F . La Rosania , BhT, 3°49 ʹ 47.90”N, 73°59 ʹ 1.25”W, 628 m, manual, iv .2018, Lopera, A. and Chamorro W. (1 ♂ IAvH-E-203749) ; Cubarral, F. La Rosania , BhT, 3°49 ʹ 47.90”N, 73° 59 ʹ 1.25”W, 628 m, manual, A . iv.2018, Lopera, A. and Chamorro, W. (1 ♀ IAvH- E-203750) ; PNN. Tinigua, Río Duda , CIEM, 2°40 ʹ N, 74°10 ʹ W, 350 m v .1994, Álvarez , M. (2 ♂ IAvH-E-071526-071527) . Puntumayo: Mocoa, Pasto estrella, 2002–05-21, Realpe N. (1 ♀ CEUN 6104 ) ; Mocoa , Jd . Bot . [botanical garden] tropical amazónico, 01°09 ʹ 23.6”N, 76°39 ʹ 08.4”W, 642 m, manual, x .2006 , Revelo , R. (1 ♀ IAvH-E-203751); Orito, RN. Isla Escondida, Bosque húmedo [wet woods], 00°39 ʹ 17.9”N, 77°04 ʹ 24.4”W, 813 m, manual, 12–13 .iii .2023, Neita, J.C. (1 ♀ IAvH-E-203751); Villagarzón, Vereda Canangucho, 01°01 ʹ 46”N, 76°36 ʹ 59”W, Captura jama, 2018–10-27, Artega, M ., Aguirre , D. (1 ♀ CEUN 15875 ) . ECUADOR (49): no data (2 ♀ MFNB, 1 ♀ MEPN, 1 ♀ INABIO 8232); Onkone-care [?] Yasuni . 257 m manual. A. troya 10 October 2005 (1 ♀ MEPN 36209 ); Columbien, Esmeralda (1 ♀ MFNB); E . Deville (2 ♀ IRSNB); V . Fritshe (1 ♀ 1 ♂ MFNB); Llanos (1 ♀ MFNB); Mts Baltazar (1 ♀ MFNB); M . Moreno (1 ♀ CEMT 00192393 ) . Los Ríos: Río Palenque Donación : Calaway Dodson (1 ♀ MECN) . [Morona-Santiago]: Macas (6 ♀ MFNB); Macas, E . Feyer S. (5 ♀ MFNB) ; Macas, Forster (1 ♀ CMNC) . Napo: Archidona, R . Haensch S (1 ♀ MFNB); Coca , v .1983, G. Onore (1 ♀ CMNC); Puerto Misahualli, 440msnm, Abr a Jun de 1996, J . Jungbluth ING . 96–02 (3 ♀ MECN 8233–8235 ); Tena, iii .2003, D. Curoe (1 ♀ CEMT 00192396 ) . Orellana: Loreto P . Mena [?], 01 .xii .1949 (1 ♂ CMNC); TBS – Bosq . Primario [primary forest] 27–09- 2000 . 250 m Col . V . Carvajal (1 ♀ MEPN 36208 ); TBS Rio Tiputini , 14–26 February 2001 250 m . A. Lucky y V . Carvajal / Bosque Húmedo Tropical (1 ♂ MEPN 36206 ); Tiputini TBS , 234 m, Lat: −0.61806; Lon: −76.17194, Moreno, M . 08Jun1998 Ex: Manual (1 ♀ ZSFQ-i 9170). Pastaza: Arajuno, 7 .x .1960 [?] (2 ♀ DZUP); Arajuno, Río Oglán CEPLOA- ECUCE 18 N 0201011 E/9853796 N 09–14- junio 2005, Vladimir Carvajal (1 ♀ MEPN 36207 ); [Bosque Protector] B.P. Oglan Alto , 853286 N: 0200713E, vii .2007 (1 ♀ CEMT 00192394 ); [Bosque Protector] B .P. Oglán , 30 .x .2008, Col . F . Gallo and E . Carrillo (1 ♀ CEMT 00192395 ); Canelos, 11 .ii .1937, Dr. Schultze-Rhonhof S. G. (1 ♂ MFNB) ; Canelos , 20 .xi.37, Dr. Schultze-Rhonhof S. G. (1 ♀ MFNB) ; Cononaco , 17.1984, J . Valareio (1♀ MECN 8231 ); Puyo, iii .1992, P. Bleuzen (2 ♀ IRSNB); Sarayaku , 05 .vi .1937, Dr. Schultze-Rhonhof S. G. (2 ♀ MFNB) ; Sarayaku , 10 .ix.37, Dr. Schultze-Rhonhof S. G. (1 ♀ MFNB) . [ FRENCH GUIANA] (01): Cayenne (1 ♀ MFNB) . PERU (17): no data (2 ♀ MFNB); Mt . Alegre, Rio Pachitea , ca . 0930/7457, G. Tessmann (2 ♀ MFNB) . [Chanchamayo]: La Merced Chanchamayo, Rio Oxabamba (1 ♀ MFNB) . Loreto: [ Maynas ] Iquitos, xi .2010 (3 ♀ CEMT 00192388–00192390 ) [Maynas] Iquitos, x .2010 (2 ♀ CERPE; 3 ♀ CLGC), [Maynas] Iquitos , X .2021 (2 ♀ KPC 159–160 ) [Maynas] Punchana, Picuroyacu 100 m, XI .2023 (1 ♀ KPC 365 ); [Maynas] Punchana, Picuroyacu 100 m, 26 .XI .2023 (1 ♀ KPC 366 ); [Maynas] Punchana, Picuroyacu 100 m, 22 .XI .2023 (1 ♀ KPC 367 ) . Madre de Dios: Manu Natl . Pk. Cocha Cashu Biol. Station, 11°55 ʹ Sx 77°18 ʹ W (1 ♀ CMNC) . Pachitea: (1 ♀ MFNB) . VENEZUELA (09): delta de l’Orenoque (1 ♀ IRSNB); Rio Acuro (3 ♀ IRSNB); Rio Padamo, R . Haensch S (1 ♂ MFNB) . Amazonas: Col . Fco . Villa Gavilán , Atures 150 Mts ., xi .2005 EDO. (1 ♀. CERPE); Gavilan, 150 mts Frco . Villa, VI .2004 (1 ♂ KPC 279 ); La Esmeralda, G. Schaver? (1 ♀ MFNB); Puerto Ayacucho, Gavilam , xi .1991, Recol dans nids der lournis[?] arboricoles genre: Azteca, P . Bleuzen (1 ♂ IRSNB) . NO DATA (02): (1 ♀ CEMT 00192400 ; 1 ♀ INPA) .

Figures

Figure 13. Cyclidius lacordairei Thomson, 1860. Male at CEMT (Brazil, Mato Grosso, Rosário Oeste). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Habitus, ventral view. (C) Head, frontal view. (D) Protibia, dorsal view. (E) Habitus, dorsolateral view. (F) Habitus, lateral view. (G) Aedeagus, lateral view. (H) Parameres, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 14. Cyclidius lacordairei Thomson,1860. Male at CMN, red variation on elytra (Ecuador,Orellana, Loreto). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Habitus, ventral view. (C) Head, frontal view. (D) Protibia, dorsal view. (E) Habitus,dorsolateral view. (F) Habitus, lateral view. (G) Aedeagus,lateral view. (H) Parameres, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 15. Cyclidius lacordairei Thomson, 1860. Female at CEMT (Peru, Loreto, Maynas, Iquitos). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Habitus, ventral view. (C) Head, frontal view. (D) Protibia, dorsal view. (E) Habitus, dorsolateral view. (F) Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 16. Cyclidius lacordairei Thomson, 1860. Female at CEMT, red variation on elytra (Ecuador, Pastaza, Bosque Protector Oglan Alto). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Habitus, ventral view. (C) Head, frontal view. (D) Protibia, dorsal view. (E) Habitus, dorsolateral view. (F) Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 19. Geographical distribution map of Cyclidius elongatus (Olivier, 1789) and Cyclidius lacordairei Thomson, 1860. ‘?’ indicates the exact locality is not known.

Figure 32. (A) Habitus of lectotype of Cetonia elongata Olivier, 1789 at MNHN. (B) Type figure of Cyclidius lacordairei Thomson, 1860 (from Lacordaire 1856, Pl. 39; Figure 3). (C) Habitus of lectotype of Cyclidius acherontius Kolbe,1893 at MFNB.(D) Labels of lectotype of Cetonia elongata. (F) Identification of Lacordaire of Cyclidius lacordairei. (G) Dorsal view of head. Arrows point to the anterior margin of clypeus, and to the two tubercles posteriorly on the frons above in Cyclidius elongatus (Olivier, 1789).