Cyclopsettidae, Campbell & Chen & Chanet & Chen & Lee, 2019

Campbell, Matthew A., Chen, Wei-Jen, Chanet, Bruno, Chen, Jhen-Nien & Lee, Mao-Ying, 2019, Origins and relationships of the Pleuronectoidei: Molecular and morphological analysis of living and fossil taxa, Zoologica Scripta 48 (5), pp. 640-656 : 652

5.1 | Cyclopsettidae , new family

5.1.1 | Diagnosis

Diagnostic characters are compiled following the information from Hensley and Ahlstrom (1984) and Chapleau (1993). Cyclopsettidae is recognized from other families by this combination of features: Eyes on the left side; the urinary papilla relatively close the blind side; ocular‐side pelvic fin located at the mid‐ventral line of the body; blind‐side pelvic fin base is more anterior than that of the ocular side; 17 caudal‐fin rays, and all fin rays are supported by hypurals, not located on preural, neural nor haemal spines; five hypurals and hypural 5 fused with the epural; first neural spine absent; and vertebral apophyses present.

5.1.2 | Composition

This family includes four genera, Citharichthys , Cyclopsetta (type genus), Etropus and Syacium evidenced from anatomical and molecular data sources and currently 45 recognized species ( Chapleau, 1993; Fricke, Eschmeyer, & Fong, 2018; Hensley & Ahlstrom, 1984; Pardo et al., 2005). The monophyly of all genera in this family has not been shown in molecular studies ( Azevedo et al., 2008; Betancur‐R., Broughton, et al., 2013; Betancur‐R., Li, et al., 2013).

5.1.3 | Distribution

Eastern ( Senegal to Angola) and western ( U.S. A to Brazil) Atlantic, Eastern Pacific (Baja California to Peru), distributed in brackish waters and marine coastal waters into the deep sea (2000 m).