Pleuronectoidei

Campbell, Matthew A., Chen, Wei-Jen, Chanet, Bruno, Chen, Jhen-Nien & Lee, Mao-Ying, 2019, Origins and relationships of the Pleuronectoidei: Molecular and morphological analysis of living and fossil taxa, Zoologica Scripta 48 (5), pp. 640-656 : 648

publication ID

https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12372

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15829316

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCAA7B-FFF1-FFD8-E35A-6E12FBC4F3FF

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Pleuronectoidei
status

 

4.1 | Pleuronectoidei taxonomy

Flatfish taxonomy has long overlooked the family‐level diversity present in Pleuronectoidei . The earliest flatfish classification simply placed all fifteen known species into a single genus, Pleuronectes , within the order Thoracici without any family divisions present ( Linnaeus, 1758). Later, Pleuronectidae of Cuvier contained five subfamilies, the Cynoglossinae , Hippoglossinae, Platessinae, Pleuronectinae and Soleinae ( Cuvier, 1817). Additional complexity with flatfish taxonomy was advanced with the concept of flatfishes as a suborder, the Heterosamata, and two families— the Pleuronectidae and Soleidae ( Jordan & Evermann, 1896). Subsequently, Regan (1910) proposed two suborders of the Psettodoidea with the single family of Psettodidae and the Pleuronectoidea with two divisions ( Pleuronectiformes and Soleiformes). The Pleuronectiformes of Regan (1910) had two families, the Bothidae and Pleuronectidae , and a Soleiformes with two families, the Soleidae and Cynoglossidae . Since then, the largest divisions within the suborder Pleuronectoidei have followed a division between pleuronectids and their relatives (superfamily Pleuronectoidea ; Nelson (2006)) and soleids and their relatives (superfamily Soleoidea ; Nelson (2006)) such as Norman (1934) proposing three families for the flatfish lineage, Psettodidae , Bothidae and Pleuronectidae . From the two divisions with Pleuronectoidei , the distinction of Citharidae became evident in further investigations. Hubbs (1945) defined a Citharidae ( Citharinae + Brachypleurinae ) closely related to Scophthalmidae , and these being most closely related to all other Pleuronectoidea indicating another major division within the flatfish lineage and a concept that has been reflected in subsequent classifications ( Chapleau, 1993; Hensley & Ahlstrom, 1984).

The citharids composed of the genera Brachypleura , Citharoides , Citharus , Lepidoblepharon , and Paracitharus were demonstrated by Hoshino (2001) to be monophyletic—contradicting Chapleau (1993) who indicated they were paraphyletic—and the earliest‐branching lineage of Pleuronectoidei . The current taxonomy of the Pleuronectoidei may be characterized by three superfamilies: Citharoidea , Pleuronectoidea and Soleoidea ( Chanet et al., 2004; Hoshino, 2001; Nelson, 2006). In this study, we find support for these three superfamilies.

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