Asterope Hübner, [1819]

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A. & Grishin, Nick V., 2021, Genomics-guided refinement of butterfly taxonomy, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 9 (3), pp. 1-55 : 37

Asterope Hübner, [1819] , Nica Hübner, [1826] , Peria Kirby, 1871 , and Callicorina Smart, 1976 are subgenera of Temenis Hübner, [1819]

We obtained and analyzed genomic data for the type species of all 10 available genus-group names of the subtribe Epiphilina Jenkins, 1987 that resulted in a well-resolved phylogeny (Fig. 40). We find that

Temenis Hübner, [1819] (type species Papilio merione

Fabricius, 1781, which is Papilio laothoe Cramer ,

1777) may not be monophyletic, with its type species being sister to Asterope Hübner, [1819] (type species Fig. 40. Temenis (colored) with its subgenera Asterope (purple), Nica (green), Callicorina (red), Peria (cyan). Oreas sapphira Hübner, [1816] ) with medium support,

and Temenis pulchra Hewitson, 1861 , the type species of Callicorina Smart, 1976 possibly originating among other related genera, two of which are monotypic: Nica Hübner, [1826] (type and the only species Nymphalis flavilla Godart, [1824] ) and Peria Kirby, 1871 (type and the only species Papilio lamis Cramer, 1779 ). Species of this group are close to each other, e.g., COI barcodes of the type species of Peria and Temenis differ by only 6.8% (45 bp) and taken together prominently separate from the rest of the subtribe. Even if Temenis is monophyletic (i.e., if the topology in Fig. 40 is incorrect), it is not prominently distinct from its relatives, and therefore we propose that they all are congeneric. Thus, Asterope Hübner, [1819] , Nica Hübner, [1826] , Peria Kirby, 1871 , and Callicorina Smart, 1976 are subgenera of Temenis Hübner, [1819] . Curiously, the subgenus Callicorina does not belong to the subtribe Callicorina .