Biblis aganisa Boisduval, 1836

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A. & Grishin, Nick V., 2021, Genomics-guided refinement of butterfly taxonomy, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 9 (3), pp. 1-55 : 35-36

Biblis aganisa Boisduval, 1836 is a species distinct from Biblis hyperia (Cramer, 1779)

Genetic diversification between the nominotypical Biblis (Biblis) hyperia (Cramer, 1779) (type locality St. Thomas) and Biblis (Biblis) hyperia aganisa Boisduval, 1836 (type locality inferred as Mexico) is at the level of that between two species from the subgenus Vila : Biblis (Vila) azeca (Doubleday, [1848]) and Biblis (Vila) eueidiformis (Joicey & Talbot, 1918) (Fig. 38). The COI barcodes of the two taxa differ by 4.6% (30 bp). The nominotypical B. hyperia is characterized by more prominent dorsal forewing marginal bands than B. b. aganisa . Taken together, these arguments suggest that Biblis aganisa Boisduval, 1836 reinstated status is a species distinct from Biblis hyperia (Cramer, 1779) .

The following taxa are junior subjective synonyms: Catacore Dillon, 1948 of Diaethria Billberg, 1820 ; Mesotaenia Kirby, 1871 with Orophila Staudinger, 1886 of Perisama Doubleday, 1849 ; and Paulogramma Dillon, 1948 of Catagramma Boisduval, 1836

Genomic sequencing and analysis of the type species of available genus-group names of the subtribe Callicorina Orfila, 1952 resulted in a fully resolved confident phylogeny (Fig. 39) that revealed close relationships between some of them. For instance, even the most distinctive of the type species for available genus-group names in the Diaethria Billberg, 1820 (type species Papilio clymena Cramer, 1775 ) clade sometimes separated in the monotypic genus Catacore Dillon, 1948 (type and the only species Catagramma kolyma Hewitson, 1851 ) clusters closely with Diaethria . The COI barcodes of Diaethria and Catacore type species are only 6.7% (44 bp) different. In agreements with Wahlberg (2019a), we treat Catacore Dillon, 1948 as a junior subjective synonym of Diaethria Billberg, 1820 . Next, the three genera Perisama Doubleday, 1849 (type species Catagramma bomplandii Guérin-Méneville, [1844] ), Mesotaenia Kirby, 1871 (type species Callitaenia doris C. & R. Felder, 1861, a subspecies of Catagramma vaninka Hewitson, 1855 )

and Orophila Staudinger, 1886 (type species Cybelis campaspe Hewitson, 1869 , a subspecies of Cybdelis cardases Hewitson, 1869 ) cluster closely together (Fig.

39). Their COI barcodes also indicate a close relationship, e.g., the type species of Mesotaenia and

Perisama are only 6.2% (41 bp) different. Therefore, Fig. 39. Callicorina genera: Lucinia (black), Haematera (red: subgenus Antigonis , and cyan),

we agree with Wahlberg (2019a) and confirm that Catagramma (olive & pink), and Callicore (purple & Mesotaenia Kirby, 1871 and Orophila Staudinger, 1886 yellow: subgenus Diaethria , magenta & green:

are junior subjective synonyms of Perisama Doubleday , subgenus Perisama , and blue).

1849. Furthermore, the genomic tree confirms the close relationship between Paulogramma Dillon, 1948 (type species Nymphalis pyracmon Godart, [1824] ) and Catagramma Boisduval, 1836 (type species Catagramma hydaspes Boisduval, 1836 , which is a junior subjective synonym of Nymphalis pygas Godart, [1824] ). The reasons why Freitas et al. (2014) resurrected Paulogramma in favor of the older name Catagramma that they did not use are unclear. Their tree ( Freitas et al. 2014: Fig. 3) shows " Callicore pygas ", the current name for the type species of Catagramma , inside Paulogramma as they define it. Furthermore, Wahlberg (2019a) lists Paulogramma in synonymy with Catagramma . Therefore, we confirm that Paulogramma Dillon, 1948 is a junior subjective synonym of Catagramma Boisduval, 1836 . Finally, we confirm that Lucinia Hübner, [1823] belongs to Callicorina (Fig. 39).