Hyppasonia, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Opler & Grishin, 2021

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A. & Grishin, Nick V., 2021, Genomics-guided refinement of butterfly taxonomy, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 9 (3), pp. 1-55 : 6

Hyppasonia Grishin , new subgenus

http://zoobank.org/ B37D0541-CD40-4824-AE21-BD6E37D37CB7

Type species. Papilio hyppason Cramer, 1775 .

Definition. Previously, we noted this unnamed subgenus in the COI barcode dendrogram

( Shiraiwa et al. 2014). Here, its definition is formalized. While the COI barcodes demonstrate its distinction from other subgenera of

Heraclides Hübner, [1819] (type species Papilio thoas Linnaeus, 1771 ), its unexpected sister Fig. 4. Genus Heraclides with subgenera Hyppasonia subgen. n. (red), Heraclides (blue), Calaides (cyan) and Priamides (purple). relationship with the nominal subgenus

Heraclides —instead of with Priamides Hübner, [1819] (type species Priamides hipponous Hübner, [1819] , which is a junior objective synonym of Heraclides anchisiades (Esper, 1788)) as hinted by similarities in wing shape and patterns—was discovered by Lewis et. al. (2015). Our genomic tree confirms this placement, and at the same time reveals prominent genetic differentiation from the nominal subgenus (Fig. 4). Curiously, the long branch in the tree that defines this subgenus suggests accelerated evolution that may explain its phenotypic differences from the nominal subgenus and likely mimetic wing patterns. This new subgenus is distinguished from others by a bilobed, crab-claw harpe with strongly unequal lobes: one lobe broad, rounded and serrated distad, and the other lobe shorter, narrow, tooth-like (for illustration see plate 83 in Tyler et al. (1994)). In other species with a bilobed harpe, the two lobes are nearly equal or at least the larger lobe is narrower and prominently constricted before the serrated end.

Etymology. The name is a feminine noun in the nominative singular, formed from the type species name.

Species included. Only the type species.

Parent taxon. Genus Heraclides Hübner, [1819] .