Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Monasterio, Yeray, Ruiz, José L., Escobés, Ruth, García, Antonio, Iglesias, Arturo, López, Mar, Pérez, Rafael, Farino, Teresa & Vergara, Enrique, 2025, The Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) of the Autonomous City of Ceuta (Spain, North Africa): a preliminary faunistic account, Arquivos Entomolóxicos 32, pp. 241-290 : 255-257

Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Pieridae ) *

L1; 01/XII/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 25/X/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 29/X/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 06/V/2019, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 07/V/2019, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 10/V/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 13/V/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 15/V/2019, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 24/V/2019, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 05/VI/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 16/VII/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 25/VII/2019, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 25/IX/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 10/III/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 08/V/2020, 12 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 22/V/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 29/V/2020, 15 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 06/VII/2020, 19 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 17/VI/2020, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 19/VI/2020, 20 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 07/X/2021, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 13/X/2021, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 23/I/2022, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 04/II/2022, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 17/XI/2022, nect. on D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 24/I/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 30/X/2019, nect. on D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 10/XII/2019, nect. on L. dentata , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 14/II/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 28/II/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 11/III/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 29/IV/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 19/V/2020, 12 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 23/V/2020, 11 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 25/III/2021, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 06/V/2021, 7 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 10/XI/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 19/III/2023, nect. on L. dentata , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 19/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L6; 12/III/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 06/V/2021, nect. on L. dentata and Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv., 8 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 10/XI/2021, nect. on L. dentata , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 11/VI/2022, 16 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 12/VI/2022, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 01/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L8; 15/I/2022, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L8; 17/II/2022, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L9; 23/VII/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L12; 21/VI/2020, 15 ex. v., JLR.; L12; 14/VI/2021, nect. on Diplotaxis sp. , 36 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 07/III/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 13/VI/2020, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 25/VII/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 25/III/2021, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 17/IV/2021, nect. on E. vesicaria and Diplotaxis sp. , 10 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 27/VI/2021, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 08/V/2021, 20 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 06/III/2022, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 14/V/2022, 9 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 22/VI/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 25/VII/2020, nect. on R. ulmifolius , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 17/X/2021, nect. on D. viscosa , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L15; 12/III/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L16; 16/V/2021, 25 ex. v., JLR.; L22; 01/IV/2021, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L22; 14/VI/2021, 12 ex. v., JLR.; L23; 18/IV/2021, nect. on U. dalechampii , E. vesicaria , and S. tenerrimus , 8 ex. v., JLR.; L23; 15/V/2021, 23 ex. v., JLR.; L23; 14/VI/2021, nect. on Diplotaxis sp. , 29 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 22/V/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 12/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea , T. caeruleum , R. ulmifolius , and Diplotaxis sp. , 44 ex. v., JLR.; L26; 27/VII/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L27; 27/VII/2020, nect. on T. caeruleum , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L27; 14/VI/2021, nect. on T. caeruleum , 10 ex. v., JLR.; L27; 29/VI/2021, nect. on Diplotaxis sp. and T. caeruleum , 12 ex. v., JLR.; L28; 05/III/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L34; 04/V/2023, 13 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 22/V/2019, 7 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 18/XII/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 22/V/2020, 12 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 15/VI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 14/II/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 21/VI/2020, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 29/VI/2020, 11 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 17/X/2021, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 23/I/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 05/V/2023, 21 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 20/XI/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L37; 09/VI/2021, 27 ex. v., JLR.; L37; 12/III/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L40; 12/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L40; 18/II/2022, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 15/V/2019, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 28/VI/2019, perch. on M. suaveolens , 13 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 05/VII/2019, nect. on M. suaveolens , R. ulmifolius , and A. curassavica , 12 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 27/IX/2019, nect. on R. ulmifolius and M. suaveolens , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 25/X/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 25/XI/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 31/V/2020, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 10/VII/2020, 12 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 05/IX/2020, nect. on M. suaveolens , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 14/V/2021, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L42; 19/III/2023, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L43; 07/VI/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L43; 15/VII/2019, nect. on R. ulmifolius , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L44; 07/V/2022, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L46; 23/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L52; 16/VI/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L54; 10/IV/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L56; 19/III/2023, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L60; 17/IX/2020, nect. on D. viscosa and M. suaveolens , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L60; 25/IX/2021, 17 ex. v., JLR.; L60; 15/IX/2019, nect. on M. suaveolens , 7 ex. v., JLR.; L61; 25/IX/2021, nect. on M. suaveolens , 9 ex. v., JLR.; L61; 04/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L63; 12/VI/2021, 20 ex. v., JLR.; L64; 31/I/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 26/V/2019, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 15/V/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 06/VI/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 21/VI/2020, 17 ex. v., JLR.; L68; 28/II/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L69; 03/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L70; 27/X/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L72; 20/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L73; 06/VI/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea and D. gerardi , 12 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 11/V/2019, 29 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 06/VI/2020, 13 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 02/IV/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L74; 13/VI/2022, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L75; 11/V/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L75; 13/VI/2022, nect. on S. atropurpurea and R. ulmifolius , 15 ex. v., JLR.; L80; 08/VI/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L82; 26/IX/2021, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L83; 12/VI/2022, nect. on T. caeruleum , 14 ex. v., JLR.; L84; 01/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L85; 05/VII/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 22/VI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 06/VI/2020, 23 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 12/VII/2020, nect. on M. suaveolens and M. pulegium , 16 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 25/VII/2020, nect. on M. suaveolens , 16 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 05/IX/2020, nect. on M. suaveolens , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 08/V/2021, 24 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 26/IX/2021, nect. on M. suaveolens , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 15/V/2022, 8 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 21/V/2022, nect. on A. radiatus , A. arvensis , and Diplotaxis sp. , 12 ex. v., JLR.; L89; 11/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L90; 13/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L91; 27/VI/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L92; 23/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L94; 11/V/2019, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L94; 12/VI/2019, nect. on M. suaveolens , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L94; 06/VI/2020, 20 ex. v., JLR.; L96; 25/VII/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L99; 20/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L101; 25/VI/2019, nect. on M. suaveolens , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L102; 19/IX/2021, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L103; 11/IV/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L104; 11/IV/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L105; 09/VII/2019, nect. on Lonicera sp. L., 5 ex. v., JLR.; L107; 11/IV/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L110; 01/XI/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L111; 01/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L113; 01/XI/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L115; 30/X/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L119; 01/XI/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L121; 07/III/2020, nect. on Anacyclus sp. L., 1 ex. v., JLR.; L122; 07/V/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L124; 10/VI/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L130; 07/V/2023, nect. on E. creticum , A. radiatus , C. althaeoides , and Diplotaxis sp. , 17 ex. v., JLR.; L130; 19/I/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L130; 16/VI/2020, high concentration, perch. on damp seaweeds washed ashore, 88 ex. v., JLR.; L131; 14/III/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 10/II/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 09/III/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 20/VI/2020, 49 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 14/VII/2020, 18 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 10/III/2021, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 19/IV/2021, 15 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 13/VI/2022, nect. on V. karroo (Hayne) Banfi & Galasso , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 21/I/2023, nect. on O. pes-caprae , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 21/III/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L133; 11/IV/2021, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L133; 19/IV/2021, 11 ex. v., JLR.; L134; 01/XI/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L135; 05/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L136; 06/VI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L139; 17/X/2021, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L139; 15/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L139; 27/VI/2019, nect. on Lantana camara L., 2 ex. v., JLR.; L139; 29/VI/2019, nect. on R. ulmifolius , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L140; 29/XI/2022, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L141; 06/V/2020, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L141; 16/V/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L142; 02/V/2020, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L142; 03/V/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L142; 17/V/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L143; 06/XII/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L143; 01/XII/2021, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L144; 01/V/2021, nect. on P. maritima , Centaurea pullata L., G. tomentosus , and E. vesicaria , 15 ex. v., JLR.; L144; 14/III/2021, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L144; 19/XI/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L145; 13/XII/2020, 7 ex. v., JLR.; L145; 14/II/2021, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L145; 01/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L146; 01/X/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L147; 27/I/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L149; 05/V/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L149; 26/V/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L149; 26/II/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L149; 01/XI/2023, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L150; 03/V/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L150; 06/V/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L150; 02/X/2021, nect. on S. rosmarinus , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L150; 20/X/2021, nect. on S. rosmarinus , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L150; 09/IX/2023, nect. on S. rosmarinus , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L152; 02/V/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L154; 19/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L155; 21/I/2023, nect. on O. pes-caprae , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L156; 16/IV/2024, nect. on L. maritima , S. balearica , Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill., C. althaeoides , E. creticum , A. arvensis , and P. maritima , 27 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 18/V/2020, 12 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 05/V/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 09/VI/2020, 15 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 08/XI/2020, 14 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 10/III/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 23/III/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 02/X/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 12/III/2024, 5 ex. v., JLR.

Comment: Previously cited generically for Ceuta and its surroundings without specific records by Bacallado Aránega et al. (2012). Observations were made at 93 localities within 25 1× 1 km UTM squares. This species is very common and abundant in Ceuta, even in urban environments. Imagines are present throughout the year, with most observations occurring between March and November, though occasional sightings have been made in December, January, and February. Adults observed visiting the flowers of D. viscosa , L. dentata , S. atropurpurea , T. caeruleum , R. ulmifolius , Diplotaxis sp. , M. suaveolens , M. pulegium , A. curassavica , U. dalechampii , E. vesicaria , S. tenerrimus , Lonicera sp. , O. pes-caprae , A. radiatus , A. arvensis , P. maritima , C. pullata , G. tomentosus , E. creticum , A. radiatus , C. althaeoides , L. camara , Vachellia karroo , L. maritima , S. balearica , and L. sinuatum .