Kaempferia (Protanthium)

Nopporncharoenkul, N. & Jenjittikul, T., 2024, Taxonomic revision of some taxa in Kaempferia subgenus Protanthium (Zingiberaceae) revealing a new species from Thailand and two new synonyms, Blumea 69, pp. 16-26 : 24-25

KEY 1 TO THE SPECIES OF KAEMPFERIA SUBG. PROTANTHIUM

(Use when timing of flowering is observed)

1. Nocturnal anthesis.............................. 2

1. Diurnal anthesis................................ 4

2. Leaves obovate to suborbicular; ligule bilobed, c. 1 cm long............................... K. grandifolia

2. Leaves ovate, elliptic to narrowly ovate; ligule bilobedtruncate, 1–3 mm long.......................... 3

3. Leaves green. Labellum with an incision up to 2/3 of its length; labellum base involute, enclosing the anther.......................................... K. albiflora

3. Leaves green to deep purple, usually with a deep purplish red patch towards the midvein. Labellum with an incision around 1/2 of its length; labellum base flat.. K. noctiflora

4. Floral plane perpendicular to the ground. Staminodes upright to slightly arcuate; labellum deflexed in distal half with an incision around 1/2 of its length................... 5

4. Floral plane parallel to the ground. Lateral staminodes and labellum horizontal, arranged in the same plane; labellum with an incision more than 2/3 of its length......... 11 5. Pseudostem mostly buried in the ground; leafy shoot adpressed to the ground. Leaves broadly ovate to subor- bicular........................... K. jenjittikuliae

5. Pseudostem upright and outstanding above the ground; leafy shoot upright. Leaves linear, narrowly narrowly ovate to oblong, elliptic to ovate....................... 6

6. Leaves linear grass-like to narrowly ovate to oblong, less than 5 cm wide.................... K. graminifolia

6. Leaves narrowly ovate to oblong, elliptic to ovate, more than 5 cm wide............................... 7

7. Labellum with two conspicuous yellow bands from base towards sinus; anther crest obtuse to trilobed-undulate, the middle lobe more elongated than side lobes K. simaoensis

7. Labellum with central white to pale yellow patch basally towards sinus surrounded by purple stripes; anther crest bifid, bilobed to tridentate....................... 8

8. Anther crest tridentate to undulate-truncate......... 9

8. Anther crest bifid to bilobed, usually with 1–3 small teeth or lobes between the main lobes................. 10

9. Bracts and bracteole sparsely villous; epigynous gland 8 –12 mm long.......................... K. aurora

9. Bracts and bracteole glabrous; epigynous gland 6–7 mm long............................... K. sipraiana

10. Storage roots unbranched with a single, terminal fusiform, ellipsoid to ovoid tuber; tuber 1.5–3.5 by 1.2–2 cm ......................................... K. rotunda

10. Storage roots branched with numerous, lateral and terminal subglobose to ovoid tubers; tubers 0.5–1 by 0.5–0.8 cm .................................. K. subglobosa

11. Pseudostem upright and outstanding above the ground; leafy shoot upright; leaves oblong, elliptic to ovate... 12

11. Pseudostem mostly buried in the ground; leafy shoot ad- pressed to the ground; leaves broadly ovate, suborbicular to orbicular.................................. 14

12. Lateral staminodes pure white; labellum white with central pale yellow patch basally towards sinus.. K. caespitosa

12. Lateral staminodes light pink to purple; labellum light pink to purple with two large darker pink to deep purple spots at sinus.................................... 13

13. Leaves with petiole, green usually with 1–3 layers of white to pale light green patches arranged parallel along the leaf edges, between the midrib and both sides of the edges.................................... K. takensis

13. Leaf blade sessile, green...... K. xiengkhouangensis

14. Labellum with central white patch basally towards sinus................................. K. lopburiensis

14. Labellum without central white patch basally towards sinus................................... K. udonensis