Turriscala torulosa ( Brocchi, 1814 )

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard M., 2025, The Epitoniidae (Gastropoda, Epitonioidea) of the Miocene Central Paratethys Sea-an overwhelming diversity, Zootaxa 5630 (1), pp. 1-142 : 123-125

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5630.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:89462472-D932-4255-880F-C6EF15220A31
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D787A4-FF9F-FF98-FF3F-F88BFCC29245
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Turriscala torulosa ( Brocchi, 1814 )
status

Treatment

Turriscala torulosa ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL

Figs 46D–H View FIGURE 46

* Turbo torulosus nob.— Brocchi 1814: 377, pl. 7, fig. 4.

Scalaria alternicostata Bronn— Hauer 1837: 420 [non ‘Epitonium’ alternicostata ( Bronn, 1831) ].

Scalaria torulosa Brocc.—Hörnes 1856: 480 View in CoL , pl. 46, figs 13a–b.

Scalaria torulosa Brocc. View in CoL — De Gregorio 1889: 8, pl. 1, fig. 25.

[ Scalaria torulosa View in CoL ] Var. Viennincola De Greg.— De Gregorio 1889: 8 [nov. nom. pro Scalaria torulosa View in CoL in Hörnes 1856: pl. 46, figs 13a–b].

[Plicicscala] Turriscala torulosa (Brocch.) View in CoL — Sacco 1891: 76.

[Plicicscala] T [urriscala]. torulosa subv. supervaricosa (De Greg.)— Sacco 1891: 77.

[Plicicscala] T [urriscala]. torulosa var. viennincola (De Greg.) — Sacco 1891: 77.

[Plicicscala] T [urriscala]. torulosa var. Rovasendae Sacc.— Sacco 1891: 77 , pl. 2, fig. 81.

[Plicicscala] T [urriscala]. torulosa var. apuniculata Sacc.— Sacco 1891: 77 , pl. 2, fig. 82.

[Plicicscala] T [urriscala]. torulosa var. atava Sacc.— Sacco 1891: 78 , pl. 2, fig. 83.

[Plicicscala] T [urriscala]. torulosa var. cingulata Sacc.— Sacco 1891: 78 , pl. 2, fig. 83 bis.

[Plicicscala] T [urriscala]. torulosa var. perconica Sacc.— Sacco 1891: 78 , pl. 2, fig. 84.

[Plicicscala] T [urriscala]. torulosa var. convexiuscula Sacc.— Sacco 1891: 78 , pl. 2, fig. 85.

[Plicicscala] T [urriscala]. torulosa var. acutinodosa Sacc.— Sacco 1891: 79 , pl. 2, fig. 86.

[Plicicscala] T [urriscala]. torulosa (Br.) var. supervaricosa Sacco.— Sacco 1904: 106 , pl. 23, fig. 25.

Turriscala torulosa (Brocchi) View in CoL — Cossmann 1912: 79, pl. 3, figs 35–36.

Turriscala (Turriscala) torulosa (Brocchi) 1814 View in CoL —Rossi Ronchetti 1955: 140, fig. 69.

Turriscala (Turriscala) torulosa ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 389, pl. 3, figs 29–32.

T [urriscala]. (T [urriscala].) torulosa (Brocchi) View in CoL — Sieber 1958: 129.

Turriscala (Turriscala) torulosa ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL — Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 95, pl. 30, fig. 4.

Scala (Turriscala) torulosa Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz 1966: 178, text-fig. 75.

Turriscala (Turriscala) torulosa (Brocchi) View in CoL — Pelosio 1966: 119, pl. 36, figs 13–14.

Turbo torulosus Brocchi, 1814 — Pinna & Spezia 1978: 165, pl. 56, fig. 3.

Turriscala torulosa ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL — Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 82, fig. 169.

Turriscala torulosa ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL — Landau et al. 2006: 55, pl. 17, figs 6–7.

Turriscala torulosa ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL — Chirli 2009: 55, pl. 21, figs 11–14.

non Opalia (Turriscala) torulosa convexiuscula Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969a: 22, pl. 4, fig. 6 [? = Opalianella brandenburgi ( Boettger, 1906) View in CoL ].

non Opalia (Turriscala) torulosa supervaricosa Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969a: 21, pl. 4, fig. 8 [unidentifiable from picture].

non Opalia (Turriscala) torulosa convexiuscula Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b: 73, pl. 1, fig. 25 [? = Opalianella brandenburgi ( Boettger, 1906) View in CoL ].

non Opalia (Turriscala) torulosa supervaricosa Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b: 73, pl. 1, fig. 28 [unidentifiable from picture].

Type material. Lectotype MCSNM, nr. 4975, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Piacentino ( Italy), Neogene. This specimen was erroneously listed as Holotype by Rossi-Ronchetti (1955: 141) but Pinna & Spezia (1978: 165) listed an additional syntype Nr. 5021 (erroneously as paratype). Therefore, the specimen illustrated by Brocchi (1814) represents a lectotype (by erroneous definition as holotype by Rossi-Ronchetti 1955) and the other specimen is a paralectotypes.

Illustrated material. NHMW 1851 View Materials /0013/0008, SL: 23.4 mm , MD: 9.0 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), holotype of Scalaria torulosa viennincola De Gregorio 1889 , illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 46, figs 13a–b), Figs 46E View FIGURE 46 1 – E View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1874 View Materials /0024/0028a, SL: 19.6 mm , MD: 7.0 mm, Baden-Sooss ( Austria), Figs 46D View FIGURE 46 1 –D View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1874 View Materials /0024/0028b, SL: 18.0 mm , MD: 6.1 mm, Baden-Sooss ( Austria), Figs 46F View FIGURE 46 1 –F View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1853 View Materials /0016/0012, SL: 22.9 mm , MD: 8.0 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Figs 46G View FIGURE 46 1 –G View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1864 View Materials /0001/0101, SL: 21.7 mm , MD: 7.8 mm, Baden ( Austria), Figs 46H View FIGURE 46 1 –H View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 .

Revised description. Shell large, slender conical (apical angle ~18°). Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of 12 whorls. Teleoconch whorls weakly convex, with narrow subsutural collar, steep, weakly concave subsutural ramp, periphery below mid-whorl to close above abapical suture. Suture weakly impressed, slightly undulating. Sculpture of moderately widely spaced, broad, convex, orthocline, slightly drop-shaped axial ribs, not aligned axially, fading over subsutural ramp (11: 10: 10). Last teleoconch whorls with two more prominent varices, causing somewhat more convex appearance. Spiral sculpture of numerous narrow spiral cords separated by narrower interspaces often with delicate secondary intercalated. Spiral cords overrunning axial ribs. Slightly more prominent spiral cord at abapical suture. Last whorl attaining ~30% of total height, axial ribs terminate at basal angulation delimited by more prominent, wavy peribasal cord, followed by up to three weaker spiral cords and second more prominent wavey mid-basal cord, base weakly concave with several weak spiral cords. Fasciole very short to obsolete. Aperture relatively small, subcircular, prosocline; Columella concave. Outer lip strongly thickened by terminal varix, truncated abapically. Columellar and parietal callus forming narrow rim, detached from base. Peristome duplex. Umbilicus reduced to narrow chink.

Paratethyan synonyms. Scalaria torulosa viennincola De Gregorio, 1889 was introduced by De Gregorio (1889) as name for Scalaria torulosa in Hörnes (1856: pl. 46, figs 13a–b). We do not see any features which would allow a separation of the Paratethyan specimens and therefore, we treat Scalaria viennincola as subjective junior synonym of Turbo torulosa Brocchi, 1814 .

Discussion. Turriscala torulosa is a highly characteristic species due to its very solid shell, conical outline, broad varices on the last teleoconch whorls, and truncated basal lip. Sacco (1891) distinguished several subspecies based on differences in sculpture and outline, which we treat as subjective synonyms of Turriscala torulosa ( Brocchi,1814) . This species is known from the Early Miocene to Pliocene in the Mediterranean Sea. Turriscala borealis Kautsky, 1925 , from the Hemmoorian of the North Sea Basin, is a closely related species, but differs in its smaller size, comparatively straighter-sided whorls and fewer axial ribs on the last whorl ( Kautsky 1925: pl. 6, fig. 36; Janssen 1967: pl. 12, fig. 7; Janssen 1984: pl. 50, fig 6).

Turriscala cf. borealis Kautsky, 1925 , from the Late Miocene of Germany, is also smaller, has broader whorls, more axial ribs on early whorls and has more prominent spiral sculpture (Janssen & Stein in press: pl. 25, figs 12‒13).

Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth ( Kranner et al. 2021) .

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Baden Sooss ( Austria) (Hörnes 1856, hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Buják ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966); Mecsek Mountains ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966); Dacian Basin: Opanec, Urovene ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi : Baldissero ( Italy) ( Sacco 1891). Langhian (Middle Miocene): Colli Torinesi : Albugnano ( Italy) ( Sacco 1891). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: S. Agata, Stazzano, ( Italy) (De Boury 1890; Sacco 1891, 1904; Pelosio 1966). Early Pliocene: Estepona ( Spain), Italy ( Pelosio 1966; Cavallo & Repetto 1992; Landau et al. 2006).

MD	Museum Donaueschingen

Copyright notice

No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.

Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Family	Epitoniidae
Genus	Turriscala