Adhatoda diversiformis Nees
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.04.03 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D7879A-2475-FFAC-D7EE-2F46FDEE2088 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Adhatoda diversiformis Nees |
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Adhatoda diversiformis Nees View in CoL in DC., Prodr. 11: 399. 1847. Type: INDIA, Peninsula India Orientalis , s.d., Wight 1998 (n.v.). FigS. 13 View Fig & 14 View Fig
Perennial subshrubs, up to 70 cm tall. Stems erect, sub-terete, stout, dichotomously branched; branches numerous, diffuse, striate, purplish green, densely pubescent; internodes 2–10 cm long. Leaves petiolate; laminae ovate to elliptic (rarely orbicular), 1.5–7 × 1.5–4 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire, finely ciliate, sometimes slightly undulate, apex acute or obtuse, chartaceous, puberulous on both surfaces with dense hairs on veins, secondary veins 3–5 pairs, venation simple craspedodromous; petioles 0.5–2.5 cm long, green, tomentose. Inflorescence terminal or axillary spike, up to 17 cm long, many-flowered or sometimes solitary in the lower axils; peduncles 0.5–6 cm long. Flowers sessile, one per floral node, not secund, 8–10 × 5.5–7 mm; bracts spathulate to oblanceolate or orbicular, 5–9 × 4–7 mm, foliaceous, shortly petiolate, margins serrate with long setaceous hairs, apex acute or obtuse, 5- nerved, greenish, puberulous; bracteoles 2, spathulate to oblanceolate, 2–6 × 1–1.5 mm, margin serrate with long setaceous hairs, apex acute or shortly acuminate, greenish, pubescent. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, 4–5 × 3–3.5 mm at anthesis, accrescent, 5–6.25 × 3.75–4.5 mm in fruits, greenish; lobes lanceolate, equal, densely pubescent, margins scarious, ciliate, apex acuminate. Corolla purplish white with dark purple striations of lower lip, hirsute outside and glabrous inside except in the throat; tube cylindrical, 2.75–3 × 1–1.25 mm, slightly enlarged in throat; upper lip erect, ovate to triangular with dark brownish red spots on palate, 4.5–5 × 2.5–3 mm, apex minutely 2-lobed, slightly hooded; lower lip obovate to orbicular, 5–6.5 × 6–6.5 mm, 3-lobed at apex; lobes obtuse or rounded, imbricate. Stamens exserted; filaments 3–3.25 mm long, declinate, creamy white with reddish brown spots, basally hirsute; anther thecae superposed, equal, ellipsoid, c. 1–1.25 mm long, yellowish with brownish red markings, upper theca dorsally hirsute, lower theca glabrous; appendage c. 0.6 mm long, apex forked, creamy white. Ovary ellipsoid, 1.5 × 0.8 mm, pale green, hirsute at apex or throughout; style filiform, 4.5–6 mm long, whitish, recurved, hirsute throughout; stigma slightly bifid; nectariferous disc c. 0.5 mm high, pale green, margins undulate. Capsule clavate to fusiform, 4–7 × 2.5–3 mm, apex cuspidate to acute, pale brown, densely pubescent at apex or throughout; base sterile, 1–2 mm long. Seeds 2, orbicular or sub-orbicular, 1.3–1.8 × 1.5–2.2 mm, pale or dark brown; testa echinate.
Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from August to February; fruiting March.
Habitat: Grows in deciduous forests, on rocky hill slopes, along forest margins and roadsides at an elevation of 190 to 980 m.
Distribution: Peninsular India.
Specimens examined: INDIA, Andhra Pradesh, Anantapur district, Penna Ahobilum, 17.09.1981, T. Pullaiah & Yesoda 336 (MH); Chittoor district, Gurramkonda, s.d., K. Subramanyam 6347 (MH); Srikalahasti, 18.01.1988, D. Ranga Charyulu 2001 (MH); Ibid., 19.09.2018, P. Soumya & P. Sunojkumar 157520 (CALI); East Godavari district, Devipatnam & Rampachodavaram, 19.09.1980, G. V. Subba Rao 67556; Maredumilli near Tiger Camp, 21.09.1980, G. V. Subba Rao 67583; Ibid., 17.02.1994, M. Mohanan 101269 (MH); Rachapalli, 20.07.1964, G. V. subba Rao 20150 (MH); Kurnool district, Chelama-Nallamali hills, 12.08.1921, C.E.C. Fischer 4674 (FRC); Ibid., 05.07.1963, J.L. Ellis 16748; Ibid., Mahanandi, 22.08.1972, J.L. Ellis 25456; Ibid., 22.08.1972, J.L. Ellis 42321; Srisailam, 06.12.1969, J.L. Ellis 32711 (MH); Srikakulam district, Lakshmipuram, 06.1900, C.A. Barber 1806 (MH); Visakhapatnam district, Chintapalli, 30.08.1966, G. V. Subba Rao 28196; Ibid., 12.11.1970, J.L.Ellis 37100;Circuit house, 04.10.1964, G. V. Subba Rao 21435 (MH); Vizianagaram district, Srungavarapukota, 04.09.1960, N.P. Balakrishnan 11030 (MH); West Godavari district, Devarapalli, 20.12.1993, M. Mohanan 100795 (MH). Karnataka, Bagalkot district, Badami, 25.10.2017, P. Soumya & P. Sunojkumar 138545 (CALI). Kerala, Idukki district, Chinnar, 06.08.1986, K. Ramamurthy 78354 (MH); Ibid., 14.05.2018, P. Soumya, Dilsha, Manu & P. Sunojkumar 145334; Ibid., 05.06.2019, P. Soumya & P. Sunojkumar 145395 (CALI); Kumily lower camp, 26.12.1974, K. Vivekananthan 45706 (MH); Marayoor to Chinnar, 29.05.2003, P.S. Udayan et al. 01550 (CMPR); Kasaragod district, Perdala, 07.05.1982, V.J. Ansari 71039 (MH); Malappuram district, Nadukani Ghat road, 05.09.1969, B.V. Shetty 32245 (MH); Thiruvananthapuram district, Neyyatinkara, 08.10.2019, P. Soumya & P. Sunojkumar 157538; NIIST campus, 18.09.2018, P. Soumya & P. Sunojkumar 157542 (CALI); s.loc., s.d., K. Narayana Iyer s.n. (TBGT). Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu district, Thambaram, 24.08.1982, K.N. Subramanian 8458 (FRC); Dharmapuri district, Hogenakkal, 24.11.1964, E. Vajravelu 21917 (MH); Dindigul district, Kodaikanal Ghat, 17.11.1897, s.coll. s.n.; Sirumalai, 31.07.1920, s.coll. 16693 (MH); Erode district, Sathy Taluk, Bhavanisagar, 03.10.1987, N. Venkatasubramanian 740 (FRC); Nilgiris district, Thengumarahada, 06.12.1970, G. V. Subba Rao 37467 (MH); Pudukkottai district, Adhanankkottai, 20.09.1977, K. Ramamurthy 51333; Melakadu-Sivaganga, 17.12.1964, K. Ramamurthy 22749; Okkur forest, Sivaganga, 19.08.1964, K. Ramamurthy 20974 (MH); Ramanathapuram district, Ayyanar Kovil, 24.09.1971, E. Vajravelu 38732 (MH); Sivaganga district, Piranmalai, 29.11.1977, N.C. Nair 52908 (MH); Srivilliputhur district, Muthaliaroothu, 19.09.1917, s.coll. 15019 (MH); Thanjavur district, Pattukottai, 16.09.1977, K. Ramamurthy 51275 (MH); Theni district, Suranganur waterfalls, 23.06.1959, K. Subramanyam 8157; Thalaiyar MHEP area, 18.10.1986, K. Ramamurthy 84403; Vannathiparai 17.10.1959, K. Subramanyam 9407 (MH); Tiruchirappalli district, Palakarai, 20.09.1957, K. Subramanyam 4273 (MH); Sengattupatti, 27.10.1958, K.M. Sebastine 6996 (MH); Tirunelveli district, Kalakkad R.F., 09.11.1962, J. Joseph 15221 (MH); Ibid., on roadsides, 08.06.1964, K. N. Subramanian 1434 (FRC); Manimuthar riverside, 24.06.1957, K.M. Sebastine 3537; Papanasam lower dam side, 05.1959, K.M. Sebastine 8299; Thirukkurungudi, 16.04.1916, s.coll. 13119 (MH); Tiger falls, 04.03.1988, K.M. Sebastine 5505 (MH); Virudhunagar district, Thulukkamottai, 28.02.1999, E.S Santhosh & P.C. Suresh 40848 (TBGT); Tiruvallur district,Ennore, 14.09.1985, D.Narasimhan 924(MH); Tiruvannamalai district, Mamandur, 05.03.1914, s.coll. 10231; Sathanur Dam forest, 26.01.1977, E. Vajravelu 52090 (MH); Villupuram district, Gingee forest, Pakkamalai R.F., 22.01.1978, K. Ramamurthy 53517; Gomuki-Vellimala Ghat, 06.02.1983, K. Ramamurthy 77356; Parigam R.F., 07.09.1977, K. Ramamurthy 50656 (MH); Virudhunagar district, Seithur hills, 08.11.1989, K.R. Srinivasam 86906 (MH). Telangana, Medak district, Pettagutta, 26.09.1958, K.M. Sebastine 6768 (MH); Nalgonda district, Nagurjuna Sagar, 12.12.1959, K.M. Sebastine 9721 (MH); Warangal district, Western bridge of Pakhal lake, 08.08.1961, K.M. Sebastine 13130 (MH).
Conservation status: The species is widely distributed in Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and
Telangana, with a few populations in Karnataka. Hence it is classified as Least Concern (LC).
Notes: Justicia glauca is very similar to J. tranquebariensis but differs by its taller habit reaching up to 70 cm (vs. up to 40 cm) ovate to elliptic leaves, rarely orbicular, with an apex that is acute or obtuse (vs. orbicular to obovate or spathulate leaves with apex rounded to emarginate).
Typification: Roxburgh (1820) validated the nomen nudum, Justicia orixensis Roxburgh (1814) with a brief description and type locality as “in the vicinity of Samulcota”. Later Nees von Esenbeck (1832, 1847) transferred this species to Gendarussa and Adhatoda respectively. After an exhaustive search of various herbaria, we traced a single sheet at S with the annotation “The vicinity of Samulcota, Koenig” with Koenig’s handwriting. This certainly indicates that Koenig collected the specimen from Samulcota (which was historically part of Coromandel). It is plausible to suggest that Roxburgh used Koenig’s material when describing J. orixensis . Hence, the specimen collected by Koenig at S can qualify as original material according to Art. 9.4 a) of the ICN ( Turland et al., 2018). Among the two specimens mounted on the sheet, the one on the lower side is from Rottler’s collection (barcode S-G-3460) whereas the upper right specimen appears to be from Koenig’s collection (barcode S-G-3459) which is selected here as the lectotype.
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