Jambu yanomami, Santos & Almeida & Morais & Bertani, 2025

Santos, Naila Amanda S., Almeida, Marlus Queiroz, Morais, Jose Wellington De & Bertani, Rogerio, 2025, New species of Jambu Miglio, Perafán & Pérez-Miles, 2024 and Guyruita Guadanucci, Lucas, Indicatti & Yamamoto, 2007 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, with notes on Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875, Zootaxa 5660 (2), pp. 243-254 : 247-251

publication ID

https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.5

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2D4B480-CBD4-4A37-A6D6-04ED4B704E6D

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D6CA5A-FFFE-FF8E-FF38-84E7FEBB985A

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Jambu yanomami
status

sp. nov.

Jambu yanomami sp. nov.

( Fig. 3–5 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 )

Diagnosis. Male can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the absence of a PA on the ring-shaped keel (See Fukushima et al. 2005), as well as the short embolus ( Fig. 5D–I View FIGURE 5 ). The female can be distinguished from all other congeners by the unique shape of the spermathecae, each composed of two separate receptacles, each ending in single, rounded lobe ( Figure 3C View FIGURE 3 ).

Etymology. The generic name is a homage to the Yanomami Indians. The type locality is located in Yanomami indigenous territory, in an area overlapping the Pico da Neblina National Park, in Amazonas, about 3000 metres high. For the Yanomami, it is a sacred place, home of the Spirits.

Type material. Holotype female from Brazil, State of Amazonas , São Gabriel da Cachoeira ; Pico da Neblina , Bebedouro velho – 400 m, Amostra 2 [0°47’43”N, 66°0’25”W], 26 September 2007, Nancy Lo Man Hung col., INPA ARA9118 ; 1 male paratype from Brazil, State of Amazonas , São Gabriel da Cachoeira ; Pico da Neblina, Cachoeira do Tucano – 100 m, Amostra 3 [0°48’01”N, 66°0’25”W], 23 September 2007, André Nogueira col., INPA ARA9119 . GoogleMaps

Other material examined. BRAZIL, State of Roraima, Iracema, Serra de Campos Novos [2º22’N, 61º26’W], 3 males, P. Nunes, A. Fourmet & F. Curcio col., 10 June 2012, INPA ARA9118 GoogleMaps ; ARA9119 GoogleMaps .

Description. Holotype female. Carapace: 5.57 long, 5.24 wide. Chelicerae: 2.77 long. Legs: Formula: IV-I-III- II. Length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 3.78, 2.52, 2.69, 2.24, 1.20, 12.43; II: 3.34, 2.39, 2.30, 2.29, 1.12, 11.44; III: 3.37, 1.98, 2.18, 2.95, 1.18, 11.66; IV: 4.18, 2.03, 2.90, 4.38, 1.20, 14.69. Palp: 2.99, 1.85, 2.14, -, 1.87, 8.85. Midwidths: femora I–IV= 3.35, 3.10, 3.21, 2.70, palp= 2.35; patellae I–IV= 3.18, 2.93, 2.54, 2.71, palp= 2.20; tibiae I–IV= 2.77, 2.44, 2.25, 2.12, palp= 2.18; metatarsi I–IV= 1.79, 1.65, 1.46, 1.48; tarsi I–IV= 1.48, 1.29, 1.13, 1.12, palp= 1.45. Abdomen 6.17 long, 4.51 wide ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ). Spinnerets: PMS 0.51 long, 0.30 wide, 0.52 apart. Basal, middle, and apical segments of PLS, 0.93 long, 0.46 wide; 0.53 long, 0.41 wide; 0.68 long, 0.28 wide, respectively ( Fig. 3F View FIGURE 3 ). Carapace: 1.06 times longer than wide; cephalic region raised, thoracic striae faint, shallow, narrow. Fovea: procurved, deep, 0.83 wide ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Clypeus absent. Eight eyes on tubercle 0.65 high, 0.95 wide, 0.69 long. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior row recurved. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.25, PME 0.17, PLE 0.20;AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.06, ALE–ALE 0.62, PME–PLE 0.05, PME–PME 0.47, ALE–PLE 0.08, PLE–PLE 0.69 ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ). Maxillae: 1.88 longer than wide. Cuspules: ca. 84/83 on upper mound in inner angle. Labium: 0.77 long, 0.91 wide, with ca. 7 cuspules rounded, concentrated on anterior half, spaced by more than diameter from each other. Labio-sternal groove shallow, flat, with pair of sigilla. Chelicerae: basal segment with 8 large teeth and 3 tiny on promargin. Sternum: 2.30 long, 2.37 wide. Three pairs of sigilla, rounded, all one diameter from margin ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Legs. Clavate trichobothria: in two rows on distal ¾ of tarsi: 15 on tarsus I; 18 on tarsus II; 15 on tarsus III; 17 on tarsus IV; 17 on palpal tarsus. Scopula on tarsi I–IV densely scopulate, scopula I–II entire, III–IV divided by wide band of longer conical setae. Metatarsi I scopulate on distal ⅓, II scopulate on apical ¼, III apically scopulate, IV without scopula. Superior tarsal claws with two or three small teeth. Claws: IRC absent, palpal claw bare. Spines: leg I: fe d1-0-0, pa 0, ti v1, me v5, ta 0; leg II: fe d1-0-0, pa d1, ti d0-p1-v1, me d0-p1-v7, ta 0; leg III: fe d1, pa d0-p2-r1-v0, ti d0-p3-r2-v4, me d2-p4-r2-v10, ta 0; leg IV: fe d1, pa d0-p1-r1-v0, ti d0-r3-v2, me d4-p2-r4-v8, ta 0; palp: fe d1-0-0, pa 0, ti v5, ta 0. PC absent. Spermathecae: two separate receptacles, each ending in single, rounded lobe ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ). Color pattern (preserved in alcohol): Chelicerae brown, carapace and legs brown. Abdomen dorsally dark brown; ventrally brown. Abdomen: dense cover of setae, including urticating setae type IV ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ).

Description. Paratype male (INPA ARA9119). Carapace 5.82 long, 5.46 wide. Chelicerae: 1.87 long. Legs: Formula: IV–I–III-II. Lengths (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 4.86, 2.75, 3.55, 3.35, 1.56, 16.07; II: 4.44, 2.40, 3.12, 3.39, 1.63, 14.98; III: 4.08, 2.23, 3.05, 4.25, 1.60, 15.21; IV: 5.00, 2.29, 4.05, 6.26, 1.74, 19.34. Palp: 2.73, 1.72, 2.49, -, 0.94, 7.88. Midwidths: femora I–IV= 3.24, 3.34, 3.22, 3.20, palp= 2.19; patellae I–IV= 2.85, 2.71, 2.62, 2.70, palp= 2.34; tibiae I–IV= 2.51, 2.11, 2.23, 2.32, palp= 2.45; metatarsi I–IV= 1.57, 1.39, 1.50, 1.68; tarsi I–IV= 1.21, 1.20, 1.12, 1.04, palp= 1.68. Abdomen 5.45 long, 3.92 wide ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ). Spinnerets: PMS 0.45 long, 0.20 wide, 0.10 apart. Basal, middle, and apical segments of PLS, 0.74 long, 0.41 wide; 0.37 long, 0.34 wide; 0.32 long, 0.23 wide, respectively ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ). Carapace: 1.06 times longer than wide; cephalic region raised, thoracic striae faint, shallow and narrow. Fovea 0.70 wide ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Clypeus absent. Eyes: tubercle 0.46 high, 0.93 wide, 0.67 long. Anterior row straight, posterior slightly recurved. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.26, PME 0.14, PLE 0.22;AME–AME 0.11, AME–ALE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.51, PME–PLE 0.02, PME–PME 0.46, ALE– PLE 0.06, PLE–PLE 0.63 ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ). Maxillae: 1.63 longer than wide. Cuspules: ca. 80/72 over ventral inner heel. Labium: 0.70 long, 0.77 wide, with 8 cuspules. Labiosternal groove shallow, flat, with pair of sigilla. Chelicerae: basal segment with 8 large teeth and 3 tiny on promargin. Sternum: 2.32 long, 2.42 wide ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Sigilla: three pairs, rounded, all one diameter from margin ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Clavate trichobothria: 13 on tarsus I; 15 on tarsus II; 12 on tarsus III; 15 on tarsus IV; 4 on palpal tarsus. Scopula: apical on cymbium. Scopula on tarsi I–IV dense, scopula I–II entire, III–IV divided by wide band of longer conical setae. Metatarsi I scopulate on distal ¼, II scopulate on apical ⅓, III apically scopulate, IV without scopula. IRC absent. Spines: leg I: fe d3-0-0, pa d1, ti d0-p1-v5, me d0-p1-v6, ta 0; leg II: fe d2-0-0, pa 0, ti d0-p1-v8, me d1-p1-v6, ta 0; leg III: fe 0, pa d0-p1-r1-v0, ti d0-p1-v5, me d0-p3-r4-v5, ta 0; leg IV: fe d1-0-0, pa p2-r2-v0, ti d0-p3-r4-v8, me d2-p3-r5-v11, ta 0; palp: fe d1, pa 0, ti d2-p3-v4, ta 0.

Palp ( Fig. 5D–I View FIGURE 5 ): Embolus short, rougtly the same length as tegulum. Embolus broad. PS weakly developed, short, confined to distal embolus. PI and A absent. RS close to embolus tip, lacking PA.

Tibial apophysis: double, positioned ventro-prolaterally on tibia I with paired tibial processes, RP slightly longer and more slender than PP, straight, with short megaspine close to its apex. PP incrassate and slightly curves with short megaspine, one third shorter than length of process. Straight metatarsus I which, when folded, touches external side of retrolateral lobe. Metatarsi and tarsi I and II discolored ( Fig. 5A–C View FIGURE 5 ).

Color pattern: carapace, chelicerae and leg covered with fine plumose whitish setae. Abdomen dorsally dark brown; ventrally brown; with dense cover of setae, including urticating setae type IV ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ).

Distribution. Brazil, States of Amazonas (Pico da Neblina Reserve) and Roraima (Serra de Campos Novos) ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ).

Remark. The genus Jambu was recently erected and diagnosed by the presence of type IV urticating setae and a spatulate, wide, paraembolic apophysis on the palpal bulb ( Miglio et al. 2024). They also have a pronounced tegular apophysis on the palpal bulb, the male tibial apophysis is very sclerotized, composed of two convergent processes, and the female spermathecae has a single lamp-shaped or heart-shaped receptacle. Males and females have dorsal abdominal patterns of dark brown spots on a lighter brown background ( Miglio et al. 2024). This new species has urticating setae IV on the abdomen dorsum and a similar abdominal pattern, as in other Jambu species. The male also has tibial apophysis with two very sclerotized and convergent processes. However, there is no pronounced tegular apophysis on palpal bulb nor a paraembolic apophysis, and the spermathecae of female is composed of two receptacles. However, there is little doubt the new species belongs to Jambu , especially by the presence of a ring-shaped keel near the embolus tip, that, even though not bearing a paraembolic apophysis as other Jambu species, has a series of denticles similar to those found in other species of the genus. Hapalopus and other closely related genera, as Jambu , represent a very speciose group of theraphosine species that only recently began to be deeply studied ( Fukushima et al. 2005, Fonseca-Ferreira et al. 2017, Miglio et al. 2024). There is a profusion of undescribed species and morphological variations that will challenge the diagnoses, the monophyly, and the validity of related genera recently erected, as Jambu and Notahapalopus Sherwood et al. , as is the case with the new species herein described.

INPA

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Arachnida

Order

Araneae

Family

Theraphosidae

Genus

Jambu

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