Barolineocerus Freytag, 2008

Praciano, Daniel Lucas, Dietrich, Christopher H. & Takiya, Daniela Maeda, 2025, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Barolineocerus Freytag, 2008 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae: Chiasmodolini), with descriptions of three new species and an updated key to species, Zootaxa 5653 (4), pp. 451-485 : 452-457

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.4.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1F47BA17-718C-40E5-A5A3-4076C12E69C5
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16746807
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D69369-264B-FFDA-FF10-F90C688EFB0D
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Barolineocerus Freytag, 2008
status

Treatment

Barolineocerus Freytag, 2008 View in CoL

( Figs. 1–17 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 )

Barolineocerus Freytag, 2008: 47 View in CoL ; Lozada 2010: 320; Xue & Zhang 2018: 185; Xue, Dietrich e Zhang 2020: 696 (phylogeny).

Type-species: B. bispinus Freytag, 2008: 47 View in CoL , figures 1, 3, 8–10, by monotypy.

Diagnosis. Dorsum light brown with unique color pattern characterized by the following symmetrical greenishyellow markings: most of crown extended to face; rounded spot on pronotum, bordered posteriorly with black or dark brown; irregular macula over posterolateral margins of scutellum; and forewing with large macula at clavus base, bordered with black or dark brown ( Figs. 1E–G View FIGURE 1 , 2A–I, 3A–I, 4A–L). Pygofer with pair of anterodorsal apodemes ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ). Subgenital plate without median expansion in lateral view ( Fig. 5G View FIGURE 5 ). Aedeagal preatrium short, robust, without basolateral projections; dorsal apodeme undeveloped; shaft tubular, long, robust, straight, dorsally directed ( Figs. 5L– M View FIGURE 5 ). Anal tube segment X with pair of basolateral processes, well-developed, robust, distinctly pointed at apex ( Figs. 5D–E View FIGURE 5 ).

Coloration. Crown distinctly yellow or green (in life) with white margin around eye ( Figs. 1E View FIGURE 1 , 2A). Face mostly yellow or green; except close to eyes and base of clypeus mostly white; gena, lora, and clypeus mostly light brown to black ( Figs. 1G View FIGURE 1 , 2I). Pronotum brown; semicircular yellow or green macula on anteromedian portion, with a median indentation on posterior margin, bordered with black or dark brown posteriorly ( Figs. 1E View FIGURE 1 , 2A). Scutellum brown; posterolateral margins and most of posterior portion yellow or green, usually connected, but sometimes apical macula is separated ( Figs. 1E View FIGURE 1 , 2A). Forewing fuscous; some veins distinctly marked with dark-brown to black; distinct small red triangular macula at base of R+M vein; clavus with yellow or green macula at basal half bordered with black or dark brown; claval apex with a distinctly triangular white macula; costal margin with distinct thickened black macula extending to mid-length and distally a hyaline subtriangular macula extending to middle of median anteapical cell ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Hind wing fuscous; some veins distinctly marked with dark-brown to black; basal half of M distinctly red or lightbrown ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ). Thorax entirely light yellow laterally and ventrally; legs light yellow, apex of metatibiae brown; setae on metatibiae brown or dark brown. Abdomen with anterior portion of tergites and sternites light brown, transitioning to brown posteriorly. Pygofer anterior portion light brown or brown, dorsally black or dark brown; membranous portion light brown or red. Subgenital plate light yellow basally, apical half brown or light brown. Anal tube segment X dorsally yellow or brown; ventrally red; with basolateral processes brown to black. Anal tube segment XI brown. Female: color pattern similar to male except for abdomen tergites reddish brown, yellow or black; sternites anterior portion yellow, dark brown or black, transitioning to light brown or yellow posteriorly; pygofer yellow, brown, dark brown or black.

Redescription. Body length usually 3.5 to 6.0 mm. Surface of crown, face, gena, lora, pronotum, and scutellum finely shagreen, without pubescence ( Figs. 1E–G View FIGURE 1 , 2G–I). Head slightly wider (1.1x) than pronotum; crown short, median length 0.5–0.8x shorter than interocular width; median length subequal to length beside eyes; anterior margin of crown rounded; eyes reniform in dorsal view ( Figs. 1E View FIGURE 1 , 2G). Face convex; UFS oblique, not reaching ocellus; interocular distance 1.2–1.8x longer than ocellocular distance ( Figs. 1G View FIGURE 1 , 2I). Clypeus 1.5–1.7x longer than basal width, lateral margins slightly divergent. Gena with single seta behind eye, lateral margin slightly sinuate ( Figs. 1G View FIGURE 1 , 2I). Rostrum long, extending to mesocoxa. Pronotum 2.6–3.5x wider than median length; pronotal median length 1.3–3.3x longer than crown median length; posterior margin rounded ( Figs. 1E View FIGURE 1 , 2G). Scutellum 1.2–1.3x wider than long; with a concave area at middle, in lateral view ( Figs. 1E–F View FIGURE 1 , 2G–H).

Forewing. R1 present; outer anteapical cell (i.e., s crossvein) absent, median shorter than inner anteapical cell; m-cu2 connected to M fork; four apical cells present ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ).

Hind wing. Vein R2+3 present; R4+5 and M1+2 separate and connected by crossvein r-m or confluent for short distance preapically; M3+4 and CuA separate, joined by crossvein m-cu ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ).

Legs. Forefemur with AM and AV setae absent; intercalary (IC) row of setae present along apical half. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2+0. Hind tibia AD row with 5–7 cucullate setae; PD row with 9–20 cucullate setae; without intercalaries. Metatarsomere I with two setae on dorsoapical surface, none on ventral surface; basal callus rounded; apex ventrally with four pecten. Metatarsomere II apex ventrally with four pecten.

Abdomen. Abdominal sternite II with pair of apodemes, each subtriangular with rounded apex; extending posteriorly to or distinctly beyond posterior margin of sternite III ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ).

Male genitalia. Pygofer short, higher than long; anterodorsal margin with distinct anterodorsal apodemes; posterodorsal margin membranous; posterior margin with or without paired median processes, with or without ventral processes; sparse microsetae scattered throughout disk ( Figs. 8C–D View FIGURE 8 ). Valve subquadrangular, in ventral view; fused laterally to pygofer ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ). Subgenital plate extending slightly beyond pygofer apex; internal concave basal region (region of attachment to style) U-shaped; with hair-like setae along ventrolateral and dorsal margins to apex, sparse microsetae along ventral margin; apex variable interspecifically in shape ( Figs. 8F–G View FIGURE 8 ). Connective about 0.5x shorter than style, U-shaped; with lateral arms; apex dorsally projected ( Figs. 8H–I View FIGURE 8 ). Style long, somewhat twisted; apodeme laterally compressed; apophysis stout and long; preapical lobe with sparse microsetae; apex dorsally projected and ventrally directed ( Figs. 8H, J View FIGURE 8 ). Aedeagal shaft slender and long; apical gonopore ( Figs. 8K–M View FIGURE 8 ). Anal tube segment X with ventral portion membranous; well-developed paired basolateral processes, each with pointed apex, directed posteroventrally ( Figs. 8C–D View FIGURE 8 ).

Female genitalia. Sternite VII quadrangular, in ventral view; lateral margins slightly sinuous; posterior margin sinuous ( Figs. 6B View FIGURE 6 , 9B View FIGURE 9 ). Pygofer subtriangular, in lateral view ( Figs. 6A View FIGURE 6 , 9A View FIGURE 9 ). First valvifer subquadrangular ( Figs. 6C View FIGURE 6 , 9C View FIGURE 9 ). First valvula broad, expanded medially, in lateral view; ventral interlocking device located at basal third of blade ( Figs. 6C View FIGURE 6 , 9C View FIGURE 9 ). Second valvifer somewhat quadrangular ( Figs. 6G View FIGURE 6 , 9G View FIGURE 9 ). Second valvula broad, apical half expanded, narrowing to apex ( Figs. 6E View FIGURE 6 , 9E View FIGURE 9 ). Gonoplac with basal half distinctly narrower than apical half ( Figs. 6G View FIGURE 6 , 9G View FIGURE 9 ). Anal tube segment X, in lateral view, short; subquadrangular ( Figs. 6A View FIGURE 6 , 9A View FIGURE 9 ).

Remarks. Barolineocerus shares with Maynacerus Lozada, 1998 a subapical hyaline macula on the costal margin of the forewing ( Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 ) and with Optocerus Freytag, 1969 the diagnostic seta behind each eye. It is important to highlight that some other genera within the Chiasmodolini tribe likely possess these setae as well, but their presence has not been reported in the original descriptions of most genera. Barolineocerus differs from those genera by having a unique color pattern, resembling those of Isolineocerus Freytag, 2008 and Luteobalmus Maldonado-Capriles, 1977 , characterized by yellow to green maculae on the head, pronotum, scutellum, and clavus. However, Barolineocerus differs from those genera by the dark brown to black line bordering posteriorly the yellow to green macula on the pronotum and that of clavus ( Figs. 1E–G, M–N View FIGURE 1 , 2G–H). Additionally, Barolineocerus can be distinguished by its male genitalia, including the presence of anterodorsal apodemes on the pygofer ( Fig. 8D View FIGURE 8 ), subgenital plate without a median expansion in lateral view ( Fig. 8F View FIGURE 8 ), and segment X of the anal tube with well-developed basolateral processes ( Figs. 8C–D View FIGURE 8 ).

Species of Barolineocerus

Barolineocerus acius Freytag, 2008: 53 View in CoL . Brazil [new record] (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia); Ecuador [new record] (Orellana); Peru (Madre de Dios, Loreto [new record]).

Barolineocerus apiculus Freytag, 2008: 53 View in CoL . Brazil [new record] (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Roraima); Ecuador [new record] (Orellana); French Guiana ( Régina, Roura, Saül [new record]).

Barolineocerus bispinus Freytag, 2008: 49 View in CoL . Brazil (Amazonas [new record], Maranhão [new record], Pará, Roraima [new record]); Ecuador [new record] (Orellana); French Guiana (Montsinéry-Tonnegrande, Régina [new record], Roura, Saint-Laurent [new record], Saül [new record]); Peru [new record] (Madre de Dios).

Barolineocerus declivus Freytag, 2008: 52 View in CoL . syn. nov.

Barolineocerus chiasmus Freytag, 2008: 58 View in CoL . French Guiana ( Régina, Roura ).

Barolineocerus chicomendesi sp. nov. Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará); French Guiana ( Régina ).

Barolineocerus dercyae sp. nov. Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia); Ecuador (Orellana); Peru (Madre de Dios).

Barolineocerus digitatus sp. nov. Brazil (Amapá); French Guiana ( Régina, Saül ).

Barolineocerus elongatus Freytag, 2008: 52 View in CoL . Brazil [new record] (Amazonas); Colombia (Vaupés).

Barolineocerus furcatus Freytag, 2008: 55 View in CoL . Brazil (Rondônia); Colombia (Vaupés).

Barolineocerus ornatus Freytag, 2008: 58 View in CoL . Brazil [new record] (Amazonas, Roraima); French Guiana (Camopi, Iracoubo, Maripasula, Saül).

Barolineocerus spinosus Freytag, 2008: 55 View in CoL . Brazil [new record] (Acre, Amazonas); Colombia (Amazonas).

Key to males of Barolineocerus View in CoL

1. Forewing claval maculae extended well beyond scutellum apex ( Figs. 1I, P View FIGURE 1 , 3A, D, 4A, G)........................... 2

1’ Forewing claval maculae extended to or slightly beyond scutellum apex ( Figs. 1A, E, M, P View FIGURE 1 , 2A, D, G, 3G, 4D, J)......... 5

2(1). Pygofer posterior median process with apex simple, not divided ( Figs. 10C–D View FIGURE 10 , 11C–D View FIGURE 11 , 13C–D View FIGURE 13 )....................... 3

2’ Pygofer posterior median process with apex multifurcate ( Figs. 16C–E View FIGURE 16 )....................... B. ornatus Freytag, 2008 View in CoL

3(2) Pygofer posterior median process long and sinuous ( Figs. 10C–D View FIGURE 10 , 13C–D View FIGURE 13 ), subgenital plate apex parallel ( Figs. 10F–G View FIGURE 10 , 13F– G View FIGURE 13 )................................................................................................. 4

3’ Pygofer posterior median process short and curved ( Figs. 11C–D View FIGURE 11 ), subgenital plate apex strongly dorsally curved ( Figs. 11F– G View FIGURE 11 ).............................................................................. B. chicomendesi sp. nov.

4(3) Pygofer posterior median process apex straight ( Figs. 10C–D View FIGURE 10 ); valve posterior margin distinctly posteriorly projected ( Fig. 10E View FIGURE 10 ); anal tube laterobasal process with base and apex angulate on anterior margin ( Figs. 10C–D View FIGURE 10 )..................................................................................................... B. chiasmus Freytag, 2008 View in CoL

4’ Pygofer posterior median process apex hook-shaped ( Fig. 13D View FIGURE 13 ); valve posterior margin convex ( Fig. 13E View FIGURE 13 ); anal tube laterobasal process with base sinuous on anterior margin and apex distinctly pointed ( Figs. 13C–D View FIGURE 13 ).............. B. digitatus sp. nov.

5(1) Pygofer posterior margin with distinct short median process ( Figs. 12C–E View FIGURE 12 , Figs. 15C–E View FIGURE 15 )............................. 6

5’ Pygofer posterior margin without median process ( Figs. 5C–D View FIGURE 5 , 7C–D View FIGURE 7 , 8C–D View FIGURE 8 , 14C–D View FIGURE 14 , 17C–D View FIGURE 17 )........................ 8

6 (5) Abdominal sternite II apodeme surpassing posterior margin of sternite III ( Figs. 12B View FIGURE 12 , 15B View FIGURE 15 ); subgenital plate without a dorsal preapical spine-like process ( Figs. 12G View FIGURE 12 , 15G View FIGURE 15 ).............................................................. 7

6’ Abdominal sternite II apodeme not reaching posterior margin of sternite III ( Fig. 17B View FIGURE 17 ); subgenital plate with a dorsal preapical spine-like process ( Figs. 17F–G View FIGURE 17 )..................................................... B. spinosus Freytag, 2008 View in CoL

7(6) Pygofer median process bifurcate and pointed ( Figs. 15C–E View FIGURE 15 ); subgenital plate with apex bluntly pointed ( Fig. 15G View FIGURE 15 )........................................................................................ B. furcatus Freytag, 2008 View in CoL

7’ Pygofer median process expanded apically with single spine-like process apically ( Figs. 12C–E View FIGURE 12 ); subgenital plate with apex rounded ( Fig. 12G View FIGURE 12 )...................................................................... B. dercyae sp. nov.

8(5) Aedeagus without ventral transverse ridge, but with paired preapical processes ( Figs. 5L–N View FIGURE 5 , 8K–M View FIGURE 8 )................... 9

8’ Aedeagus with ventral ridge, but without paired preapical processes ( Figs. 7K–M View FIGURE 7 , 14K–M View FIGURE 14 , 17L–N View FIGURE 17 ).................. 10

9(8) Pygofer posterior margin with short ventral process ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ); aedeagus with dorsal median spine-like process ( Fig. 5L View FIGURE 5 )....................................................................................... B. acius Freytag, 2008 View in CoL

9’ Pygofer posterior margin without short ventral process ( Fig. 8D View FIGURE 8 ); aedeagus without dorsal median process ( Fig. 8K View FIGURE 8 )....................................................................................... B. bispinus Freytag, 2008 View in CoL

10(8) Valve with anterior margin straight ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ); pygofer anterodorsal apodeme shorter than half length of pygofer ( Fig. 7C View FIGURE 7 ); aedeagus ventral transverse ridge at apical third of shaft ( Figs. 7K–M View FIGURE 7 )........................ B. apiculus Freytag, 2008 View in CoL

10’ Valve with anterior margin sinuous ( Fig. 14E View FIGURE 14 ); pygofer anterodorsal apodeme longer than half length of pygofer ( Fig. 14C View FIGURE 14 ); aedeagus ventral transverse ridge at median third of shaft ( Figs. 14K–M View FIGURE 14 )..................... B. elongatus Freytag, 2008 View in CoL