Glossocarya premnoides Ridl., 1911

Bongcheewin, B. & Paton, A., 2023, A taxonomic revision of Glossocarya (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) in Thailand, Blumea 68 (1), pp. 52-62 : 60-61

4. Glossocarya premnoides Ridl. — Fig. 4 , 5d ; Map 1

Glossocarya premnoides Ridl. (1911) 157. — Lectotype (designated here): Ridley 15149 (lecto K [ K000509686 ]; isolecto BM [ BM000958063 ], SING [ SING0068013 ]), Malaysia, Perlis, Besih Hangit Hill.

Woody climber or shrub. Stems obtusely quadrangular with finely longitudinal grooves, dark brown, strigose with long subadpressed hairs. Leaves elliptic-ovate, oblong-elliptic or ovate, 40–100 by 30–90 mm, apex acute or sometimes attenuate, base subcordate or sometimes obtuse, margins entire, upper surface pubescent with short hairs on major veins, lower surface with dark brown glandular punctate dots and pubescent with short hairs on major veins; petioles 5–10 mm long, densely pubescent with short hairs. Inflorescence terminal, 30– 50 by 50–70 mm, cymes compact; bracts oblanceolate 3–5 mm long, pubescent with short hairs; bracteoles linear or narrowly oblan- ceolate, 1–3 mm long. Flowering calyx obconical, 2–2.5 mm long; tube c. 2.5 mm diam at top, pubescent with short hairs and occasionally with glands outside, glabrous inside; lobes equal, triangular-ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm long, apex apiculate. Fruiting calyx obovate, 3–4 mm long; tube 3–4 mm diam at top, sparsely hispid outside, glabrous inside; lobes truncate with minutely apiculate apex. Corolla white; tube 8–10 mm long, pubescent with long adpressed and whitish glands outside, glabrous inside; lobes unequal, pubescent with short hairs outside, glabrous inside; the anterior lobe c. 3 by 2–2.5 mm, cucullate; other lobes c. 2.5 by 1.5–2 mm, apex rounded or broadly acute, margins undulate. Stamens inserted near corolla throat; filaments 14–18 mm long, glabrous; anthers oblong, c. 0.8 mm long. Style 18–22(–24) mm long; branched subequal, c. 1 mm long. Fruit oblong, 6–11 by 3 mm, strigose with short adpressed hairs and whitish glands; mericarps basally flattened; seeds 4–6 mm long; carpophore absent.

Distribution — Restricted to the Malay Peninsula, mainly found in Peninsular Thailand (Peninsular: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla).

Habitat & Ecology — In disturbed evergreen forest and on riverbanks in dense thickets with bamboo forest at (10–) 50– 150 m elevation. Flowering and fruiting: February to September.

Conservation status — Glossocarya premnoides is known from ten collections in Thailand and one collection, the type collection, from Peninsular Malaysia. The habitat is undergoing conversion by human activities, e.g., farming, road expansion. The species has an EOO of 19 967.977 km 2. Although EOO for the species is just under 20 000 km 2 and there is some evidence of decline due to habitat change, there are more than 10 loca- tions (at least 12). Therefore the species is assessed as Least Concern using IUCN Red List Criterion B .

Specimens examined. Bongcheewin 1148 (BKF, K), Surat Thani, Phun Phin District, Tha Kham; Gardner et al. ST1876 (BKF), Surat Thani, Pha- nom, Khlong Phanom National Park, ‘Rafflesia’ nature trail; Gardner et al. ST1726 (BKF), Surat Thani, Phanom, Khao Sok River, upstream of Tham Kaew (Crystal Cave) ; Kerr 12312 (BK, BM, K, SING photo), Surat Thani,Tha Kanawn; Maxwell 87­234 (AAU, BKF, E n.v., L 2 shts, P), Nakhon Si Tham- marat, Thung Song, Huai Kahn, Ban Thung Kamin, Moo 3; Maxwell 84­14 (BKF), Songkhla, Hat Yai, Khlong Pom, off of Highway 4; Samanwanakij 106 (BKF), Surat Thani, Ban Na, Ban Paknoon; Sanan 462 (BKF), Surat Thani, Ban Na San, Krachum; Smitinand 2886 (AAU, BKF, K, LL n.v.), Surat Thani, Bangbao; Smitinand 2941 (AAU, BKF, K, LL n.v.), Surat Thani, Tha Kham, Smitinand s.n. (BKF [SN121949]), Surat Thani,Yan Ta Khun, Khlong Saeng, Bang Kaeo; Winit 545 (K), Kanchanaburi.

Note — Glossocarya premnoides is a distinct species by having the remarkable glandular punctate dots on the lower leaf surface ( Fig. 3c ) and it is only found in Peninsular Thailand and the Malay Peninsula.

Figures

Fig. 4 A schematic insertion of mericarps of Glossocarya mollis on a carpophore indicated by one-headed arrows. i–ii, iii–iv are formed from the two carpels indicated by two-headed arrows; c. carpophore (side view), f. fruit with persistent calyx, fs. false septum, i–iv. mericarps, s. seed (i–iv: Bongcheewin 1129, PBM; f: Maxwell 73­694, BK).

Fig. 5 Fruit morphology of Glossocarya showing fruits and mericarps. a. G. crenata H.R.Fletcher; b. G. longiflora H.R.Fletcher; c. G. mollis Wall. ex Griff. with carpophores showing front view (left), side view (right); d. G. premnoides Ridl.; e. G. siamensis Craib (a: Tangthong 1121, BKF; b: Lakshnakara 284, BK; c: Bongcheewin 1129, PBM; d. Maxwell 87­234, BK; e. Kerr 4502, BK). — Scale bars: 5 mm.

Fig. 3 Glossocarya premnoides Ridl. a. Habit; b. petiolar spines; c. glandular punctate dots on lower leaf surface; d. inflorescence and infructescence; e. inflorescence; f–g. Infructescence.— Scale bar = 2 mm.— Photos:a–b, d–g. Suppachai Tiyaworanant,c. Bhanubong Bongcheewin (under a microscope).