Glossocarya siamensis Craib, 1922

Bongcheewin, B. & Paton, A., 2023, A taxonomic revision of Glossocarya (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) in Thailand, Blumea 68 (1), pp. 52-62 : 61

5. Glossocarya siamensis Craib — Fig. 5e ; Map 1

Glossocarya siamensis Craib (1922) 240. — Lectotype (designated here): Kerr 4502 (lecto K [ K000509688 ]; isolecto BK [ SN257569 ],BM [ BM000950230 ], P [ P00615004 , P00614984 ]), Thailand, Bangkok.

Clerodendron squiresii Merr. (1938:64) . — Syntypes: Squires 858 ( BO n.v., G [ G00366330 ]photo, LL n.v., K [ K000910180 ], M n.v., NY [ NY00137427 ]photo, P n.v., S photo), Vietnam, Southern Annam, Dalat .

Glossocarya puberula Moldenke (1959) 81. — Type: Pierre 1208 (holo NY [ NY00137547 ] photo; iso P [ P00615001 , P00615002 ]), Cambodia, Pinlysap (Tonle Sap).

Glossocarya siamensis Craib var. pubescens Moldenke (1976a) 19. — Type: Maxwell 71­487 (holo AAU), Thailand, Ang Thong, Howa Pie .

Woody climber or shrub. Stems obtusely quadrangular withfinely longitudinal grooves, reddish brown, pubescent with dense brownish subadpressed and fluffy hairs. Leaves elliptic-ovate or oblong-ovate, 50–90 by 35–55 mm, apex acute or acumi- nate, base subcordate or sometimes rounded, margins entire, upper surface pubescent with sparse hairs on major veins or glabrescent, lower surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent with short and long hairs on midrib and lateral veins, sessile glands or gland dots absent; petioles 5–8 mm long, pubescent with dense long brownish subadpressed or fluffy hairs. Inflorescence terminal, 20–60 by (20–) 40–110 mm, cymes compact; bracts ovate, 5–10 mm long, pubescent with short hairs; bracteoles narrowly oblanceolate, 2–5 mm long. Flowering calyx obconical, 3–3.5 mm long; tube 2–2.5 mm diam at top, pubescent with short hairs outside, glabrous inside; lobes equal, triangular, c. 0.3 mm long, apex minutely apiculate. Fruiting calyx obovate, 3–3.5 mm long; tube 3–4 mm diam at top, pubescent with white short hairs outside, glabrous inside; lobes broadly triangular with minutely apiculate apex. Corolla white; tube 8–9 mm long, sparsely pubescent with long adpressed hairs outside, glabrous inside; lobes subequal, densely pubescent with long adpressed hairs and yellowish white glands outside, glabrous inside; the anterior lobe 5–6 by 2.5–3 mm, cucullate; other lobes 4–5 by 2–3 mm, apex rounded, margins entire or sometimes slightly undulate. Stamens inserted at corolla throat; filaments 16–19 mm long, glabrous; anthers lilac, oblong, c. 0.8 mm long. Style 20–22 mm long; branches subequal, 1–1.3 mm long. Fruit oblong, (5–)6–9 by 2–3 mm, strigose with short and long subadpressed hairs and brownish glands; mericarps not winged; seeds 5–8 mm long; carpophore absent.

Distribution — Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand (South-western: Kanchanaburi; Central: Ang Thong, Chai Nat, Nonthaburi, Bangkok).

Habitat & Ecology — Commonly found in dense thickets along the woodland or on the riverbanks. Flowering and fruiting: June to January.

Conservation status — Glossocarya siamensis was collected from outside protected areas. Most habitats are likely to be urbanised, which impacts the available habitat. Besides, no new collections have been made for more than 50 years. The range of EOO is 19 537.622 km 2 and the Vulnerable ( VU) category is applied. The EOO is just under the threshold for VU status (<20 000 km 2). Ten localities are recorded and there is some evidence of habitat decline due to urbanisation suggesting the number of localities is fewer than the historic record suggests. For example, the type locality is in Bangkok and the species no longer occurs there. Therefore the species is assessed as Vulnerable B1 a, b(i,iii) .

Specimens examined. Den Hoed & Kostermans 969 (K,L), Kanchanaburi, Brangkasi,c. 100 km South of Wangka; Kerr 19530 (BK, BM,K,SING photo), Kanchanaburi, Tha Salao; Marcan 924 (BM), Kanchanaburi; Marcan 1439 (BM), Nonthaburi, Pak Kret; Maxwell 72­389 (AAU), Ang Thong; Maxwell 71­489 (BK, L), Ang Thong, Mueang, Howa Pie, Wat Glang; Put 2575 (BK, BM, E n.v.), Ang Thong; Put 2673 (BK, BM,E n.v., K, SING photo), Chai Nat.

Note — Glossocarya puberula was described based on a duplicate of inferior quality, with only flowering buds kept at NY. Two other duplicates kept at P are complete with both mature flowering and fruiting characters and clearly recognised as G. siamensis . Likewise, G. siamensis var. pubescens was described based on a variation of hair density on the inflorescence and on the midrib and lateral veins, which are variable characters. Hence, they are synonymised here.

Figures

Fig. 5 Fruit morphology of Glossocarya showing fruits and mericarps. a. G. crenata H.R.Fletcher; b. G. longiflora H.R.Fletcher; c. G. mollis Wall. ex Griff. with carpophores showing front view (left), side view (right); d. G. premnoides Ridl.; e. G. siamensis Craib (a: Tangthong 1121, BKF; b: Lakshnakara 284, BK; c: Bongcheewin 1129, PBM; d. Maxwell 87­234, BK; e. Kerr 4502, BK). — Scale bars: 5 mm.