Disporum calcaratum D.Don

Sarapan, A., Chamchumroon, V., Hodkinson, T. R. & Suwanphakdee, C., 2024, Taxonomic revision of Disporum (Colchicaceae) from Thailand including four new species, Blumea 69 (2), pp. 139-160 : 141-148

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D31809-FF92-9C30-3A3F-F837FEC4FA80
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Disporum calcaratum D.Don
status

Treatment

1. Disporum calcaratum D.Don View in CoL — Fig. 1 View Fig , 2 View Fig , 3 View Fig , 4 View Fig , 5 View Fig ; Map 1

Disporum calcaratum D. Don (1839) View in CoL 44; Baker (1874) 588; Hook.f. (1894) 359; Char. (1973) 88; H.Hara, Stearn & L.H.J.Williams (1987) 72; H. Hara (1988) 163; Songyun & M.N.Tamura (2000) 154. — [ Uvularia calcarata Wall. (1832) View in CoL no. 5087, nom. nud.]. — Lectotype (designated here): Wallich Cat . No. 5087 (lecto K-W sheet no. 001104701 *; isolecto BM sheet no. 000559854 *), India (nowadays Bangladesh), Sylhet, Jentya Mountain.

Disporum hamiltonianum D. Don (1839) View in CoL 45. — [ Uvularia hamiltoniana Wall. (1832) View in CoL no. 5088A, nom. nud.]. — [ Uvularia View in CoL betua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (1839) 45,nom.inval., manuscript name]. — Lectotype (designated here): Wallich Cat . No. 5088A (lecto K-W, sheet no. 001104702 *; isolecto P [P00730481] *), Nepal, Kirat province, Morang district, Morang Mountain, 18 June 1810.

Disporum wallichii D. Don (1839) View in CoL 45. — [ Disporum wallichii Wall. (1832) View in CoL no. 5088B, nom. nud.]. — Lectotype (designated here): Wallich Cat . No. 5088B (lecto K-W sheet no. 000639620 *, left side (marked 1 and red dotted in Fig. 2 View Fig ); isolecto P [P00734078] *), Nepal, Bunipa, Sylhet Mountain.

Disporum latipetalum Collett & Hemsl.(1890) View in CoL 139. — Type: Collett 808 (holo K [K.000099943] *), [ Myanmar,] Burma, Shan Hills , May 1888.

Disporum pedunculatum H.Li & J.L.Huang (1989) 294. — Type: S.Z. Wang 821 (holo KUN, not seen) China, Yunnan, Marlipo , 28 June 1964.

Disporum jiangchengense Y.Y. Qian (1990) View in CoL 184. — Type: Qian Yiyong 1783 (holo SMAO, not seen), China, Yunnan, Simao .

Perennial erect herbs. Rhizomes short, vertical or horizontal. Aerial stems 20–72 cm long; the lower part 10–56 cm long, green; the upper part 7–30 cm long with 2 ridges, usually simple or rarely distally 2 – 3 branched; internode 2 –15 cm long. Cataphylls 2–4, 1.5–4.5 by 0.5–1.8 cm, brown or reddish brown. Leaves: lamina narrowly lanceolate or ovate, 3–13.5 by 1–4.5 cm, upper surface with peltate scales, base obtuse, margin dentate, revolute, dark purple, apex acuminate, veins 3–10; petiole ± absent or very short, 1–3 mm long, pale green or green with purple at proximal end. Inflorescences umbellate, 2 – 6 flowers; peduncle 1–15 mm long, green with purple at both ends. Flowers campanulate, 10– 23 mm long;

Map 1 Distribution of Disporum calcaratum D.Don (★), D. cantoniense (Lour.) Merr. (Ɨ), D. chiangdaoense Sarapan & Suwanph. (▲), D. dorsifixerum Sarapan & Suwanph. (®), D. phuhinrongklaensis Sarapan & Chamch. (●), D. scabridum Sarapan & Hodk. (¢) in Thailand.

pedicel 13–25 mm long, green with purple at both ends. Tepals obovate to lanceolate or obovate, 1.2–2.4 by 0.3–0.6 cm, pale pink, pink or dark purplish red, 1–3 keeled with few papillae, base glabrous and pale pink, margin dentate, apex pink or dark purplish red. Spurs straight or recurved with a ridge, cylindrical or funnel-shaped, 6 –10 mm long, glabrous, light pink or pink; ridge membranous, papillose, dark purplish red. Stamens 8–13 mm long; filament 5–10 mm long, papillose, pink or white; anther basifixed, yellow. Ovaries obovate to oblong, 10–14 by 2 – 3 mm, purple or green; style 2 –9 mm long, white or purple, glabrous. Fruits globose, 4–5 by 3–7 mm, turning black when ripening. Seeds 1–3, subglobose, brown or light brown, rugose when dried.

Distribution — India, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand (Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lumpang, Loei, Kanchanaburi), Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam, Korea, and Japan.

Habitat & Ecology — In open areas, along roadsides in pine and oak forests at 1450–1800 m elevation. Flowering: May to July; fruiting: July to December.

Preliminary IUCN Conservation Status — A conservation status of Least Concern (LC) is proposed. Disporum calcaratum is a very widespread species with extent of occurrence (EOO of 3 136 890 km 2) and area of occupancy (AOO of 320 km 2) that covers most of SE Asia. This species is distributed in protected areas in Northern, Northeastern and South-Western Thailand.

Anatomical characters — Upper stem: two ridges ( Fig. 3a View Fig ). Petiole U- to V-shaped with ridges ( Fig. 3d View Fig ). Leaves: upper epidermal cells of costal and intercostal zones with echinate cuticles ( Fig. 3i, k View Fig ); lower epidermal cells of costal and intercostal zones with smooth cuticles ( Fig. 4c View Fig ); margin revolute ( Fig. 3g View Fig ); upper epidermal cells in surface view with sinuous anticlinal walls and peltate glands ( Fig. 4g View Fig ).

Pollen morphological characters — For polar and equatorial views see Fig. 5a, b View Fig . Pollen in equatorial view with bilateral symmetry, sub-spheroidal (P/E= 1.25–1.33 µm), medium-sized (38–40 ± 0.62 by 30–32 ± 0.65 µm). Aperture triporate ( Fig. 5c View Fig ). Exine 2–3 ± 0.35 µm thick; ornamentation rugulate with granulate surface ( Fig. 5d View Fig ).

Notes — 1. Don (1839) based Disporum calcaratum on Wallich Cat . No. 5087. We found two specimens in BM & K-W. We selected the K-W specimen as the lectotype because this specimen was better preserved; the specimen at BM is therefore an isolectotype.

2. Don (1839) based D. hamiltonianum on another Wallich collection, Cat . No. 5088A. We found specimens in K-W and P and selected the herbarium sheet in K-W as the lectotype because this specimen has flowers and is well preserved; thus the P specimen is an isolectotype.

3. Disporum wallichii was also based by Don (1839) on Wallich collections, Cat . No. 5088B (K-W, P) and Wallich Cat . No. 5088C (K-W, P). The Wallich Cat . No. 5088B (K-W) consists of four specimens on the same sheet ( Fig. 2 View Fig ). The specimen on the right-hand side of the sheet (no. 1) and the fourth specimen (no. 4), on the left-hand side, are D. wallichii . The second specimen (no. 2) is only a vegetative part and cannot be identified. The third specimen (no. 3) is D. cantoniense . The herbarium sheet of Wallich Cat . no. 5088B in P only comprises D. wallichii . Wallich Cat . No. 5088C (K-W) is D. cantoniense , and in P it is D. wallichii . We selected Wallich Cat . No. 5088B (the first specimen on the right hand side of the sheet ( Fig. 2 View Fig no. 1)) at K-W as the lectotype because this specimen is well-preserved; and P is an isolectotype.

4. Collett & Hemsley (1890) described D. latipetalum based on a specimen from the Shan Hills of Myanmar, but did not designate a type specimen. Later, Hooker (1894) reduced this species to D. calcaratum . We found only Collett 808, a specimen in K. According to ICN Art. 9.1 ( Turland et al. 2018) this specimen can be regarded as the holotype.

5. Disporum calcaratum is distinguished by the stems that are usually simple or distally 2–3-branched and 20–72 cm in length. The leaves are green with a purple margin. The flowers are campanulate with a pink or dark purplish to red perianth. The spur is 6–10 mm long, glabrous, and the ridge has papillae. The filament is pink or white with papillae. The style is white or purple and glabrous.

Kingdom	Plantae
Phylum	Tracheophyta
Class	Liliopsida
Order	Liliales
Family	Colchicaceae
Genus	Disporum