Rhagoletis tabellaria (Fitch, 1855)

Yee, W. L., Forbes, A. A. & Feder, J. L., 2020, Eclosion and adult longevity traits of Rhagoletis tabellaria (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Utetes tabellariae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the laboratory, The Canadian Entomologist 152 (2), pp. 145-158 : 149

Eclosion of Rhagoletis tabellaria and Utetes tabellariae , 195-day chill

When R. tabellaria puparia were chilled at 4.8 °C for 195 days and held at 23.2 °C ( Fig. 1A ), eclosion of adult females occurred at 17–32 day postchilling (16-day span) and males at 14–36 days (23-day span), with peaks at 20 days for both sexes. Flies eclosed on average earlier than U. tabellariae , which eclosed from 25–45 days (21-day span; sexes combined) with a peak at 38 days ( Fig. 1A ). Male flies eclosed earlier than female flies and both eclosed earlier than wasps of both sexes (Χ 2 = 114.74; df = 3; P <0.0001) ( Table 1). Male wasps eclosed approximately five days before females, although the difference was not significant ( Table 1). One U. canaliculatus eclosed at 63 days, the only individual of this species identified to eclose after chilling in the current study.

Of the 466 fly puparia collected, 80.0% produced surviving adult flies (75.3% based on Fig. 1A , which did not include 22 flies that eclosed but whose eclosion dates could not be verified). Based on the U. tabellariae eclosion data, the percentage of fly puparia parasitised by wasps was 10.7%.

Figures

Fig. 1. Eclosion times of female and male Rhagoletis tabellaria and the parasitoid wasp Utetes tabellariae collected from Washington and Montana, United States of America, after (A) 195-day chill treatment at 4.8 °C and maintenance at 23.2 °C (three sites) and (B) 150-day (three sites) and (C) 120-day chill treatment (two sites) at 2.7 °C and maintenance at 24.3 °C. Puparia were held for 14 days at 22–24 °C before chilling. Numbers with asterisks above bars indicate peak eclosion days for R. tabellaria.