Abana dives (Walker, 1851)

Sauceda-V, Jefferson, Malenovský, Igor & Takiya, Daniela M., 2025, Species delimitation and taxonomic revision of Abana Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini): Intraspecific color variation and pseudocryptic diversity in Andean sharpshooters, Zootaxa 5596 (1), pp. 1-60 : 18-22

Abana dives (Walker, 1851)

( Figs. 7–9 )

Aulacizes dives Walker, 1851: 791 [n. sp.]. Young (1965): 174 [holotype clarified].

Abana dives, Distant (1908): 72 [n. comb., redescription]; Melichar (1926): 325 [redescription]; Young (1968): 150 [listed, out of subgenus]; McKamey (2007): 263 [catalogued].

Abana (Abana) dives, Melichar (1926): 323 [key]; Metcalf (1965): 644 [catalogued].

Abana drusilla Distant, 1908: 73 [n. sp.]. Melichar (1926): 323, 326 [key, redescription]; Young (1965): 174 [lectotype designated]; Metcalf (1965): 645 [catalogued]; Young (1968): 150 [n. syn. of Abana dives ].

Diagnosis. Body coloration ( Figs. 7A–D , 8A–D , 9A, B, D, E ) mostly light yellow and dark brown or black; anterior portion of crown ( Fig. 7A, C ) and dorsal portion of frons ( Fig. 7B, D ) yellow, with contrasting dark maculae posteriorly; pronotum ( Figs. 7A, C , 8A, C , 9A, D ) varying from light brown to dark brown; disk with or without two circular maculae of variable sizes, sometimes merged anteriorly, generally orange-yellow and conspicuous; forewing ( Fig. 7A–D , 8A–D ) coloration not sexually dimorphic. Crown anterior margin ( Fig. 7A, C ) subtriangular to triangular; anterior portion ( Fig. 7B, D ), in lateral view, straight, not inflated; disk with a distinct depression; M-shaped elevation bordering posterior margin present and conspicuous. Connective ( Fig. 7G ) arms converging anteriorly; base of arms without a dorsal rim. Style ( Fig. 7G ) with apodeme narrow and shorter than basal width of apophysis, one fifth as long as the entire style; inner lobe rounded; apical portion twice as long as wide; extending as far as or almost to connective apex. Aedeagal shaft ( Fig. 7H–J ) with anterodorsal projections wide and short. Dorsal connective ( Fig. 7H–J ) somewhat sclerotized; submedian acute process small and inconspicuous.

Redescription. Total length: males (n = 6) 16.8–19.1 mm, females (n = 3) 18.9–21.0 mm (excluding ovipositor), 19.5–23.1 mm (including ovipositor).

External structures. Crown ( Figs. 7A, C , 8A, C , 9A, D ) without pubescence; anterior margin subtriangular to triangular; in lateral view, anterior portion ( Fig. 7B, D , 8B, D ), straight, not inflated, forming an acute angle with frons; disk with a distinct depression; posterior margin M-shaped elevation present and conspicuous. Ocelli located on imaginary line between anterior eye angles (holotype, Fig. 9A, B ) or slightly behind it, equidistant between midline of crown and the adjacent anterior eye angle. Frons evenly convex or flattened medially. Pronotum ( Figs. 7A, C , 8A, C , 9A, D ) surface with or without (holotype, Fig. 9A, B ) pubescence. Forewing ( Figs. 7A–D, 7A–D , 9A, B, D, E ) with punctures arranged in lines bordering veins; base of the fourth apical cell slightly more distal than base of the third apical cell. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2:0:0 or 2:1:0. Other characters as in generic description.

Coloration. Body coloration ( Figs. 7A–D , 8A–D , 9A, B, D, E ) mostly light yellow and dark, varying from light brown in teneral specimens to dark brown and black; brochosome cover may give them a blue to purple tinge on dark parts of the head, thorax, and wings. Crown ( Figs. 7A, C , 8A, C , 9A, D ) varying from ivory (holotype, Fig. 9A ) to yellow, except for two triangular to subtriangular dark areas on posterior portion, extending from antennal ledges to midline of crown on posterior margin. Frons ( Figs. 7B, D , 8B, D , 9B, E ) with upper two thirds also varying from ivory (holotype, Fig. 9A ) to yellow; ventral third dark, as well as clypeus. Gena ( Figs. 7B, D , 8B, D , 9B, E ) with brown macula over anterodorsal portion, continuing brown area of crown to frons and clypeus; posteroventral portion ivory (holotype, Fig. 9B ) to yellow. Pronotum ( Figs. 7B, C , 8A, C , 9A, D ) varying from light brown to castaneous and dark brown (holotype, Fig. 9A ); anterior portion with a dark marginal stripe, varying from dark brown (holotype, Fig. 9A ) to black, sometimes not very distinctive or absent; disk completely dark, without maculae ( Figs. 7C, D , 8C, D , 9D, E ) or with two circular maculae (holotype, Figs. 7A, B , 8A, B , 9A, B ) of variable sizes, sometimes merged anteriorly, generally orange-yellow and conspicuous but showing castaneous and inconspicuous colorations in some cases. Thorax ( Figs. 7B, D , 8B, D , 9B, E ), in lateral view, with yellow areas of variable sizes on all pleural sclerites. Forewings ( Figs. 7A–D , 8A–D , 9 ) castaneous (holotype, Fig. 9A, B ) to dark brown, vein coloration lighter in some cases. Legs ( Figs. 7B, D , 8B, D , 9A, B, D, E ) varying from castaneous to dark brown (holotype, Fig. 9A, B ). Coxae of all legs with ivory or yellow areas. Femora of all legs completely brown (holotype, Fig. 9A, B ) or ivory to yellow, except at basal and apical portions.Abdomen ( Figs. 7B, D , 8B, D , 9E ) dark brown or black, with yellow areas mostly at posterolateral margin of pleurites, continuing to posterior margins of sternites.

Male terminalia. Pygofer ( Fig. 7E ) ventral margin, in lateral view, regularly convex until apex. Subgenital plates ( Fig. 7E, F ), in lateral view, almost reaching apex of pygofer. Connective ( Fig. 7G ) with arms converging anteriorly; base of the arms without a dorsal rim. Style ( Fig. 7G ) with apodeme narrow and shorter than basal width of apophysis, 0.3 times as long as apophysis length; apical portion twice as long as wide; extending as far as or almost to connective apex. Aedeagal shaft ( Fig. 7H–J ), in lateral view, with preapical dorsal spiniform process not extending to dorsal margin of lateral projections; anterodorsal projections broad and short. Dorsal connective ( Fig. 7H–J ) somewhat sclerotized; submedian acute process small and inconspicuous. Other characters as in generic description.

Female terminalia. Abdominal sternite VII ( Fig. 8E ), in ventral view, with a pair of lateral dentiform projections on median third of posterior margin; area in between lateral projections projected posteriorly as a bifurcate process. Second valvula ( Fig. 8I ), in lateral view, with 85 separated teeth on dorsal margin. Gonoplac ( Fig. 8K ) apex subtriangular. Other characters as in generic description.

Distribution. Colombia (Antioquia [new record], Cauca [new record], Chocó [new record], Risalda [new record], and Valle del Cauca departments) and Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Guayas and Imbabura provinces). Before this work, A. dives was known from Colombia in Cali (Valle del Cauca) and from Ecuador in Cachabé [= Cachabí] (Esmeraldas), Paramba (Imbabura) and Chimbo (Guayas, close to what is now the town of Bucay) ( Distant 1908; Melichar 1926; see Hartert 1898 for more detailed information on the geographical location of these historical localities). Here, we expand considerably the distribution of this species in Colombia, with new records for the departments of Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, and Risaralda ( Fig. 30 ).

Material examined. Type material: Holotype of Aulacizes dives Walker , ♂ (examined based on photographs of head and thorax, including wings): “ HOLOTYPE \ Aulacizes \ dives \ Walker\ D.A. Young, 63”, “Type”, “ LECTO- \ TYPE ”, “ NHMUK 013588909 ” ( BMNH; Fig. 9A–C ) . Lectotype of Abana drusilla Distant , ♀ (based on photographs of habitus): ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: “Ecuador.\ Rosenberg.\ 99-104.”, “Cachabé,\ low c. I. 97.\ (Rosenberg).”, “ LECTOTYPE \ Abana \ drusilla \ Dist.\ D.A. Young, 63”, “ Abana \ drusilla \ Dist.”, “Type”, “ LECTO- \ TYPE ”, “ NHMUK 013588910 ” ( BMNH; Fig. 9D–F ) . Other specimens: COLOMBIA: Antioquia [new records]: 1 ♂, Alejandría, Encarnación , 1650 m a.s.l., 1980-xii, Maleza, A. Madrigal ( MEFLG: 7867-4) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Dabeiba, Quebrada Quiparadosito, Finca Palmar , 7.096768, -76.304372, 1287 m a.s.l., 2023-xii-16 / 2023-xii- 19, Manual, I. Ceballos-C. ( CEUA: 158312, 158310, 158311) ; 2 ♂♂, Frontino , 1317 m a.s.l., 1989-vii, Bosque, G. Morales & C. Mantilla ( MEFLG: 7868-2, 7868-3) ; 1 ♀, same data, except: Murrí , 1982-v, E. Acevedo ( MEFLG: 7867-5/13597) ; 1 ♀, Medellín , 1538 m a.s.l., 1983-viii, Pastizal, O. Osorio ( MEFLG: 7868-1) ; 1 ♀, Mutatá, Vereda San José de León, Finca la Soledad 2, 7º30’6.4”N, 76º30’47.1”W, 437 m a.s.l., 2021-ii-05 / 2021-ii-09, Bosque, Manual, D. Uchima, A. Mejía & J. C. Calderón ( CEUA: 124358) ; 1 ♀, same data, except: 7.49502N, - 76.5117W, 477 m a.s.l., 2022-vii-03 / 2022-vii-08, Borde de bosque, Red entomológica, J. Sauceda-V., I. Ceballos-C., A. Mejía & J. C. Calderón ( CEUA: 124359) ; 1 ♀, same data, except: 7.50116N, - 76.50207W, 501 m a.s.l., Bosque ( CEUA: 124360) ; 2 ♂♂, same data, except: 7.50183N, - 76.51296W, 434 m a.s.l., ( CEUA: 124361, 124362) ; 1 ♀, same data, except: ( CEUA: 124363) ; 3 ♂♂, same data, except: 7.49502N, - 76.5117W, 477 m a.s.l., Borde de bosque ( CEUA: 124368, 124369, 124370) ; 1 ♀, same data, except: ( CEUA: 124371) ; 1 ♂, same data, except: camino entre P1 y P2, 7.49223N, - 76.50401W, 477–773 m a.s.l., Bosque ( CEUA: 124373) ; 2 ♀♀, Mutatá, Villa Arteaga , 66 m a.s.l., 1947-viii, F. L. Gallego ( MEFLG: 7867-1, 7867-2) ; 1 ♂, Turbo , 2 m a.s.l., 1948-i, F. L. Gallego ( MEFLG: 7867-3) . Cauca [new record]: 1 ♀, Guapi , 10 m a.s.l. 1976-ii-5, flight trap CO 2, tropical rain forest, R. Wilkerson ( UKIC) . Chocó [new records] : 1 ♂, Bahía Solano, Cerca de la cascada del aeropuerto, 6.20292N, - 77.3947W, 21 m a.s.l., 2019-vii-06, Manual, I. Ceballos-C. ( CEUA: 66360) ; 1 ♀, same data except: Cascada del aeropuerto, 2022-i-15, Bosque, I. Ceballos-C. ( CEUA: 124375) ; 1 ♂, same data except: DNA voucher Entomologia DZRJ ENT6387 ( CEUA: 124376) ; 1 ♂, San José del Palmar, Vereda Damasco , escuela Santa Lucía, 800 m a.s.l., 2007- iv-14, Sandra Correa ( CEBUC) ; 1 ♀, same data ; 1 ♂, same data, except: 850 m a.s.l, 2007-iv-13, Liliana Cardona ( CEBUC) . Risaralda [new records] : 1 ♂, Mistrató, Puerto de Oro , 988 m a.s.l., 1991-ix, Fernando Fernández ( ICN: 041331) ; 1 ♂, Pueblo Rico, Área Amurrupá , aproximadamente 1.1 km WSW de Santa Cecilia, 402 m a.s.l., 2018-ii-19–23, Bosque húmedo tropical, Red entomológica, N. Cossio, C. Pineda ( MPUJ _ ENT: 0058709) ; 2 ♀♀, same data, except: ( MPUJ _ENT: 0058710, 0058711) ; 1 ♀, same data, except: J Torres ( MPUJ _ ENT: 0059471) ; 1 ♂, same data, except: ( MPUJ _ ENT: 0059509) ; 2 ♀♀, same data, except: Colecta manual, V. Casallas, S. Mayorga ( MPUJ _ENT: 0059638, 0059639) ; 1 ♂, same data, except: ( MPUJ _ ENT: 0059640) ; 1 ♀, same data, except: J. Bolívar ( MPUJ _ ENT: 0060423) ; 1 ♂, same data, except: ( MPUJ _ ENT: 0060424) ; 1 ♂, same data, except: Mateo Ramírez ( MPUJ _ ENT: 0060445) ; 1 ♀, same data, except: A. Ariza ( MPUJ _ ENT: 0061038) ; 1 ♀, same data, except: W. Moya ( MPUJ _ ENT: 0061221) ; 1 ♂, same data, except: C. Ramírez ( MPUJ _ ENT: 0061224) ; 1 ♀, Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia, 1991-x-10, F. Cubillos ( ICN: 041332). Valle del Cauca : 1 ♀, Medio Calima, Bajo Chidral , 250 m a.s.l., 1991-ii-15, R. Aldana ( ICN: 101509) ; 1 ♀, same data, except: DNA voucher Entomologia DZRJ ENT6585 ( ICN: 101510) ; 1 ♂, Restrepo, Rio Azul R. loravo, 500 m a.s.l., 1984-ii-07, P. Saray ( ICN: 041333) ; 1 ♀, 5 km W of Cisneros , 1969-ii-28, R. E. Woodruff ( UKIC) ; 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Bajo Anchicaya , 400 m a.s.l., 1984-iii-23, M. Suarez T. ( NCSU) ; 1 ♀, Rio Dagua ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, same data, except, W. F. H. Rosenberg ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Valle Pichinde , 1969-viii-25, D. H. Messersmith ( USNM) . ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: 2 ♀♀, Cachabé, Rosenberg ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Bulún ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, San Lorenzo (9 km S), 1979-iii-25, Ultraviolet light, Jos. J. Anderson ( USNM) . Guayas: 1 ♀, Chimbo [close to what is now Bucay], coll. Noualhier 1898 ( MMBC: L. Melichar collection, misidentified by D. A. Young in 1964 as Abana gigas ) .

Remarks. Morphologically, A. dives is somewhat similar to A. ochracea sp. nov., especially in the characters of the male genitalia. Both species have a connective ( Figs. 7G , 15G ) without a dorsal rim, a style ( Figs. 7G , 15G ) with a narrow and short apodeme and a dorsal connective ( Figs. 7H–J , 15H–J ) somewhat sclerotized, with submedian acute process inconspicuous. However, A. dives can be clearly distinguished from A. ochracea sp. nov. by the coloration pattern ( Figs. 7A–D , 15A–D ), with the yellow parts of the body being light yellow in A. dives (ochraceous yellow in A. ochracea sp. nov., Fig. 15A–D ) and the dark parts mostly dark brown or black (brown in A. ochracea sp. nov., Fig. 15A–D ). The coloration of the pronotum ( Fig. 7A, C , 8A, C , 9A, D ) can also be a diagnostic character for A. dives : the disk shows two circular maculae of variable sizes, sometimes fused anteriorly, generally orange-yellow and conspicuous, but in some cases also castaneous and inconspicuously colored. In some specimens, however, these maculae are absent and the pronotum is completely dark.

After studying the photographs of the male holotype of A. dives (without abdomen) and the female lectotype of A. drusilla from Ecuador ( Fig. 9 ), we agree with Young (1968) that these two specimens are conspecific.The external morphology is identical, and they differ only in the presence of a contrasting lighter macula on the pronotum, which is consistent with the variation found here in Colombian specimens.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Abana dives (Walker, 1851). A, male from Risaralda, Colombia (MPUJ_ENT 0059640), dorsal habitus; B, same male, lateral habitus; C, male from Valle del Cauca, Colombia (NCSU), dorsal habitus; D, same male, lateral habitus; E, genital capsule, lateral view; F, subgenital plates, ventral view; G, connective and styles, dorsal view; H, aedeagus, anal tube and paraphyses, lateral view; I, aedeagus, anal tube and paraphyses, ventral view; J, aedeagus, anal tube and paraphyses, posterior view, K–O, variation found in pronotum coloration. Scale bars A–D: 1.0 mm, E–J: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 8. Abana dives (Walker, 1851). A, female from Risaralda, Colombia (MPUJ_ENT 0059471), dorsal habitus; B, same female, lateral habitus; C, female from Valle del Cauca, Colombia (ICN 101510), dorsal habitus; D, same female, lateral habitus; e, sternite VII, ventral view; F, pygofer, lateral view; G, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view; H, detail of first valvula apex, lateral view; I, second valvifer and second valvula, lateral view; J, detail of second valvula, lateral view; K, gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars A–D: 1.0 mm, E–K: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 9. Dorsal and lateral habitus and labels of type specimens of Abana dives (Walker, 1851) and synonyms. A–C, A. dives, male holotype (BMNH); D–F, A. drusilla Distant, 1908, female lectotype (BMNH). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 15. Abana ochracea Sauceda-V & Takiya, sp. nov. male paratype (DZRJ). A, dorsal habitus; B, same male, lateral habitus; C, male paratype (USNM), dorsal habitus; D, same male, lateral habitus; E, genital capsule, lateral view; F, subgenital plates, ventral view; G, connective and styles, dorsal view; H, aedeagus, anal tube, and paraphyses, lateral view; I, aedeagus, anal tube, and paraphyses, ventral view; J, aedeagus, anal tube, and paraphyses, posterior view. Scale bars A–D: 1.0 mm, E–J: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 30. Distribution map of Abana species.