Paradoxomantispa mahaiyingae Zhuo, Li & Liu, 2022

Li, Hongyu, Zhuo, De, Cao, Leran, Wang, Bo, Poinar, George, Ohl, Michael & Liu, Xingyue, 2022, New Cretaceous fossil mantispids highlight the palaeodiversity of the extinct subfamily Doratomantispinae (Neuroptera: Mantispidae), Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 22 (3), pp. 681-730 : 717-720

Paradoxomantispa mahaiyingae Zhuo, Li & Liu sp. nov.

Figures 23–25

Diagnosis Pronotum short and robust (LP: WPM = 2.45), nearly as long as pterothorax. Profemoral ISs rows: anteroventral row with eight not gradually shortened processes along distal half of profemur, major process without quaternary branch, primary branch 3.5 × length of anterior branch; posteroventral row with 18 processes, not gradually shortened, four short processes present between major and primary processes. Forewing macular with one median round spot not connecting the spot on 2ra-rp, 14 costal crossveins proximad pterostigma, 1/3 of them bifurcated, proximal rp-m absent; hind wing CuA with 11–12 simple branches, CuP proximal stem reduced, weak. Male sternum 9 not surpassing apex of ectoprocts, slightly shorter than the latter; gonocoxites 9 long and very slender, distally simple and acute; visible portion of gonostyli 10 (pseudopenis) whip-shaped, thickened and straight; gonocoxites 11 (gonarcus) posteriorly with a long median lobe medially deeply concaved dorsad.

Description Measurements and proportions. Male (holotype). Body length 4.38; LP (0.54): WPM (0.22) = 2.45; LPc (0.72): LPf (0.76) = 0.95; LPf: WPf (0.29) = 2.62; LPP (0.80): LPf = 1.05; LFW (3.86): WFW (1.20) = 3.22; LFPt (1.13): WFPt (0.23)= 4.91; LF2r (1.03): WF2r (0.30) = 3.43; LFim (1.28): WFim (0.13) = 9.85; LHW (3.83): WHW (1.21) = 3.17; LHPt (1.36): WHPt (0.19) = 7.16; LHim (1.28): WHim (0.15) = 8.53.

Morphology. Male. Head. Flagellum with c. 28 segments; each flagellomere nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere nearly twice as long as prior one. Terminal maxillary palpomere distally tapering into a point, nearly as long as prior one; terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres proximally distinctly swollen and distinctly tapering towards distal acute point.

Thorax. Pronotum short and robust, slightly shorter than pterothorax, bearing pedicellate, long and thick setae. Profemur bearing long and dense setae; profemoral ISs rows: anteroventral row with major process arising near proximal 1/3 length of profemur and six not gradually shortened processes along distal half of profemur, primary branch over 1/3 × length of protibia, secondary and tertiary processes subequal and tiny, quaternary branch absent, primary branch 3.5 × length of anterior branch; posteroventral row with 18 processes, not gradually shortened, four short processes present between level of major and primary processes, primary process long, 3/4 × length of primary branch, 1.5 × length of following one, two quaternary and two shorter processes present between primary and secondary processes, two quaternary and one shorter processes between secondary process and tertiary process 2; protibial prostrate setae flattened, 18–21; protarsus: tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2–3 combined, tarsomeres 2–4 subequal, tarsomere 5 as long as tarsomeres 3–4 combined, tarsomeres 1–4 ventrally bearing 2, 2, 2, 2 conical setae respectively, arranged in two rows. Mid and hind legs bearing dense long setae; mesoand meta-tarsi each with tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2–4 combined, tarsomere 2 slightly longer than tarsomere 3, tarsomeres 3–5 subequal, tarsomeres 1–4 distally bearing 1, 1, 2, 3 pairs of thickened setae respectively; two simple pretarsal claws; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex.

Wing long elliptical, branches of RP, M, CuA, and CuP with moderately dense apical twigging. Forewing with small dark markings on ra-rp and gradates, one median round spot not connecting the spot on 2ra-rp, one cloudy stripe on 2 m-cu extending to posterior margin, several pale brown, cloudy markings along wing outer and posterior margin; trichosors absent on proximal part of anterior and posterior margins; costal space moderately broad, directly extending to pterostigma; ScA absent; recurrent humeral vein simple; 14 costal crossveins proximad pterostigma, 1/3 of them bifurcated; pterostigma distinct, commencing at level near 2ra-rp, extending to 2/5 length of 3r cell, with distal margin sinuous and moderately oblique; incorporated veinlets obscure; subcostal space distally slightly broadened proximad pterostigma, with only one crossvein, distinctly distal to original point of RP; three ra-rp; 3r cell without RA branch running to costal margin distad pterostigma; RP originating at proximal 1/4 length of wing, with four main branches proximally smooth; four outer gradates; proximal r-m absent; 1rp-m slightly distal to primary branching point of M; M diverging from R at lm-cu; im cell with three main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA nearly pectinately branched near median, with three main branches; CuP dichotomously branched near median; A1 bifurcated distally; A2, A3 simple.

Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal space very narrow, with 9 simple crossveins visible proximad pterostigma along its entire length (right); pterostigma longer and narrower; subcostal space narrower, veinless; origin of RP closer to wing base, with three branches; four outer gradates; 1rp-m upright, distinctly proximal to primary branching point of M; im cell with two main branches; CuA pectinately branched, long, with 11–12 simple branches; CuP reduced, proximally weak, with two simple branches; A1, A2, A3 simple.

Terminalia bearing dense, long, soft setae. Sternum 9 flattened, nearly as long as sternum 8, not surpassing apex of ectoprocts, slightly shorter than ectoprocts; a membrane squeezed out between sternum 9 and gonocoxites 9; gonocoxites 9 long and very slender, distally simple, and acute, scleritized strongly; gonocoxites 10 invisible; gonapophyses 10 very slender, distally acute, rod-like, possibly each uniformly strongly scleritized along entire length; visible portion of gonostyli 10 (pseudopenis) whip-shaped, thickened, and straight; ectoprocts elliptical; callus cerci invisible; gonocoxites 11 (gonarcus) posteriorly with a long median lobe medially deeply concave dorsad.

Female unknown.

Material examined BXAM BA-NEU-008 , amber piece preserving a complete male adult (holotype) and an incomplete male adult (paratype) of P. mahaiyingae sp. nov., two buprestids, ten dipterans, an elaterid, a tenebrionid and four parasitoid wasps. It is polished in the form of an ovoid transparent cabochon, with length × width c. 45.05 × 36.90 mm, height c. 12.81 mm.

Etymology The new species is dedicated to Ms. Haiying Ma, the family member of the first author, Mr. De Zhuo.

Remarks Paradoxomantispa mahaiyingae sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. hongi and P. jiaxiaoae by the major process with (1) the quaternary branch absent, (2) the primary branch much longer than the tiny secondary branch, (3) the anterior branch much longer than the secondary branch, (4) the posteroventral row with 18 processes, and (4) four short processes present between the level of major and primary processes, (5) the forewing with a median round spot and (6) the hind wing CuA with branches all simple. P. hongi differs from P. jiaxiaoae by the major spine with (1) the primary branch c. × 2 as long as the secondary branch, (2) the anterior branch c. × 1/2 as long as the secondary branch, (3) the posteroventral row with 10 processes and (4) no other processes present between the level of major and primary processes, (5) the forewing immaculate, and (6) the hind wing CuP proximal stem developed and distinct.

Figures

◂Fig.23 (a, c–h) Paradoxomantispa mahaiyingae sp. nov., holotype, male: (a) habitus, ventral view; (c) head and prothorax ventral view; (d) forelegs; (e) left foreleg, posterior surface; (f) right foreleg, ventral surface; (g) Protibia, tarsus and pretarsus; (h) Protibia; (b) habitus of Paradoxomantispa mahaiyingae sp. nov., paratype, male. smt, submentum. Scale bars = 1 mm (a, b), 0.5 mm (c, d), 0.25 mm (e–h)

◂Fig. 24 (a, b, e-h) Paradoxomantispa mahaiyingae sp. nov., holotype, male: (a) left foreleg, posterior surface (profemoral anteroventral row in green, posteroventral row in orange), arrow 1 indicates the conical setae (Type k3); (b) right foreleg, ventral surface (profemoral anteroventral row in green, posteroventral row in orange), arrow 2 indicates the angularly curved prostrate setae (near Type k4); (e, g) right and left forewing, respectively; (f, h) right and left hind wing, respectively (left hind wing deformed); (c, d) proximal portion of profemur of Paradoxomantispa mahaiyingae sp. nov., paratype, male, posterior surface (profemoral anteroventral row in green, posteroventral row in orange). ab, anterior branch; im, intermedian cell; mp, major process; p, primary process; pb, primary branch; q: quaternary process; qb, quaternary branch; r, radial cell; s, secondary process; sb, secondary branch; t, tertiary process; tb, tertiary branch. Scale bars = 0.25 mm (a–d), 1 mm (e–h)

Fig. 25 Terminalia. (a) Paradoxomantispa mahaiyingae sp. nov., holotype, male; (b) Paradoxomantispa mahaiyingae sp. nov., paratype, male. S, sternum; ect, ectoprocts; gp, gonapophyses; gst, gonostyli; gx, gonocoxites; m, membrane. Scale bar = 0.25 mm