LAMPYRID

JENG, M. - L., ENGEL, MICHAEL S. & YANG, P. - S., 2007, Oculogryphus, A Remarkable New Genus of Fireflies from Asia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), American Museum Novitates 3600, pp. 1-20 : 8-12

KEY TO LAMPYRID GENERA IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA AND AUSTRALIA

(males only) The considered area ranges from India in the west and Australia in the east, zoogeographically including the whole Oriental region (OR, including Indian subcontinent, Himalayas, Indochina and Malay Peninsula, Taiwan, Philippines, Borneo, and Sunda Islands), the Palaearctic region in East Asia (PA, including Eastern Eurasia continent, Korean Peninsula , and Japan-Ryukyu Archipelago ), New Guinea, Pacific islands , and Australia of the Australian region (AU). The proposed key, following Crowson’s definition of Lampyridae , provides an account of the 34 lampyrid genera presently documented in this area (inclusive of the new genus). It is partly based on or modified from Ballantyne and Lambkin (2001, 2006, for couplets 3–10), Maulik (1921) and Wittmer (1979) (for couplets 22– 24), and Wittmer (1937, for couplet 33). It should be noted that the key is tentatively proposed, especially for the nontypical lampyrids (couplet 20 and below). With the exception of Oculogryphus , most of the nontypical lampyrid genera were transferred from Drilidae and placed under Ototretinae or Ototretadrilinae by various authors. Most of them are poorly known at present, usually with no more than revisional works on restricted zoogeographic faunas (e.g., Drilaster of Ryukyu Archipelago by Kawashima et al., 2005). Characters for these genera are provided herein based on examination of the type species (*), together with some additional exemplar species (**), on some nontype species only (#), or in a few cases on references alone (1).

1. Abdomen with six visible sternites (ventrites) 2

— Abdomen with more than six ventrites... 12

2. Antennae serrate and depressed; coloration of elytra pink to various degrees..................... Pristolycus Gorham (OR, PA)

— Antennae filiform or somewhat moniliform; coloration of elytra never pink........ 3

3. Compound eyes with posterior margin clearly emarginate 4 ......... Bourgeoisia Olivier (OR) and Luciola cowleyi Blackburn (AU)

— Compound eyes never or insignificantly emarginate posteriorly.................. 4

4. Elytron with superimposed costa arising from humeral area and extending to near apex...... Curtos Motschulsky (OR, PA)

— Elytron without clear humeral costa; if present, not particularly more imposed than other costae.......................... 5

6. Apices of parameres of genitalia largely or totally concealed by median lobe, not visible in ventral aspect.................. 7

— Apices of parameres of genitalia barely or not concealed by median lobe, visible in ventral aspect......................... 10

7. Apex of elytra deflexed........................... Pteroptyx Olivier (OR, AU)

— Apex of elytra not deflexed............ 8

8. Median carina of V6 present............................. Colophotia Dejean (OR)

— Median carina of V6 absent........... 9

9. Photogenic organs on V6 bipartite; aedeagal sheath bearing paraprocts.......................... Pyrophanes Olivier (OR, AU)

— Photogenic organs on V6 one-pieced; aedeagal sheath without paraprocts................... some Luciola species 5 (PA, OR, AU)

10. Elytra broad, with lateral explanate margin of elytra quite broad in elytral base, unambiguously visible in humeral area dorsally; usually at least two elytral costae well developed; hypomeron with frontal margin at angle of 30–45 degrees with pronotal lateral margin laterally............. 11

— Elytra more or less elongate, with lateral explanate margin of elytra very narrow in humeral basal area, thus partially concealed by humerus dorsally; elytral costae usually poorly developed, or weakly developed; hypomeron with frontal margin at angle of 70–90 degrees with pronotal lateral margin laterally... Luciola Laporte de Castelnau (OR, PA, AU) and Hotaria Yuasa 6 (PA)

11. Abdominal tergite 8 asymmetric bilaterally............... Luciola ovalis group (OR)

— Abdominal tergite 8 symmetric bilaterally... Atyphella (including s.g. Pygatyphella, AU )

12. Antennae bipectinate..................... Cyphonocerus Kiesenwetter (PA, OR)

— Antennae not bipectinate............ 13

13. Head fully covered by pronotum in dorsal aspect when fully retracted.......... 14

— Head largely or partially exposed from pronotum when fully retracted, eyes always visible at least partially in dorsal aspect...... 19

14. Spiracles at or approximate to lateral edges of ventrites, visible in ventral aspect..... 15

— Spiracles on dorsally folded part of ventrites, not visible in ventral aspect......... 17

15. Tibial spurs present; abdominal photogenic organs vestigial, represented by small spots, while compound eyes large and separated from each other by less than compound-eye width in ventral aspect........................... Lampyris Geoffroy (PA, OR)

— Tibial spurs absent; photogenic organs usually well developed as transverse stripes, if reduced and spotlike, then accompanied with small and widely separated compound eyes.......................... 16

16. Compound eyes moderate in size, separated from each other by distance of about an eye width in ventral aspect; pronotum flat or slightly convex in apical one-third to half length of pronotum, with central disc occupying basal three-fifths to two-thirds of pronotal length; antennae never filiform; photogenic organs reduced in diurnal species.... Pyrocoelia Gorham (OR, PA)

— Compound eyes large in size, approximate ventrally; pronotum distinctly convex in apical half to two-thirds of pronotal length, forming a light bulb–like convexity together with pronotal central disc which as long as or shorter than convex area; antennae serrate, filiform, or pectinate; photogenic organs well developed Diaphanes Motschulsky (OR, PA)

17. Compound eyes large and deeply emarginate in posterior margin, approximate each other ventrally; antennae short, with small projected sensory appendages on several terminal flagellar articles; pronotal pleurite subtriangular, about as long as height............. Lamprigera Motschulsky (OR, PA)

— Compound eyes small and not deeply emarginate in posterior margin, widely separated ventrally; antennae long, serrate, compressed or pectinate, without those small appendages as above; pronotal pleurite subtrapezoid, longer than height................ 18

18. Male genitalia with a pair of slender appendages originating from apical region of parameres; parameres not forming a basal projection in dorsal aspect; pretarsal claws simple on all legs......................... Vesta Laporte de Castelnau (OR, PA)

— Male genitalia with a pair of lateral appendages along median lobe; parameres forming a basal projection in dorsal aspect; pretarsal claws of fore- and midlegs each with a ventral projection on one claw (in many species)............... Lucidina Gorham 7 (OR, PA)

19. Elytra dehiscent, not fully covering abdomen.......................... 20

— Elytra well matching along central suture, fully covering abdomen or nearly so....... 21

20. Antennae somewhat pectinate; terminal antennal article not reduced.............................. Ototretadrilus Pic # (OR)

— Antennae not pectinate, more or less depressed; terminal antennal article reduced.......................... Baolacus Pic 1 (OR)

21. Both maxillary and labial palps greatly lobed, much wider than antennae.......... 22

— Both maxillary and labial palps of normal size, not wider than antennae............ 25

22. Antennae unipectinate............... 23

— Antennae weakly serrate or filiform..... 24

23. Antennomeres 3–10 very long and narrow, almost cylindrical; antennal branches not much longer than their stem antennomeres............... Eugeusis Westwood * (OR)

— Antennomeres 3–10 short and broad, flat; antennal branches about 3–4 times length of their stem antennomeres............................. Hyperstoma Wittmer 1 (OR)

24. Compound eye less than one-quarter of head width in dorsal aspect; genae behind compound eyes (temple) exposed; antennae widely separated from each other....................... Lamellipalpus Maulik ** (OR)

— Compound eye about of one-quarter head width; temple covered by pronotum; antennae more or less approximate..................... Lampellipalpodes Maulik * (OR)

25. True abdominal sternite 2 long, weakly sclerotized in anterior part but uniformly sclerotized on central disc, largely exposed in ventral aspect as first ventrite, with its posterior margin reaching base of metatrochanters; abdominal spiracles at edge of pleural membrane and dorsally folded portion of sternites, scarcely visible directly in dorsal aspect when elytra and hind wings removed....................... 26

— True abdominal sternite 2 short, weakly sclerotized centrally, largely concealed by metatrochanters and barely visible in ventral aspect, with its posterior margin usually not reaching base of metatrochanters; abdominal spiracles entirely enclosed by dorsally folded portion of sternites, always visible in dorsal aspect when elytra and hind wings removed........................ 29

26. Antennae serrate; tibial spurs present.......... Falsophaeopterus Pic ** (OR)

— Antennae unipectinate or filiform; tibial spur absent......................... 27

27. Antennae filiform; compound eyes with posterior margin significantly emarginate........... Oculogryphus , n. gen. * (OR)

— Antennae unipectinate; compound eyes not emarginate on posterior margin...... 28

28. Pronotum with posterior margin round, surpassing posterolateral angles.......................... Harmatelia Gorham * (OR)

— Pronotum with posterior margin straight, not surpassing posterolateral angles................ Stenocladius Fairmaire ** (PA, OR)

29. Posterior margin of pronotum round, surpassing posterolateral angles............ 30

— Posterior margin of pronotum nearly straight, not surpassing posterolateral angles.... 31

30. Antennae weakly serrate or somewhat filiform, with flagellar articles symmetric on lateral sides; first tarsomere of hind leg slightly longer than following article.......................... Ceylanidrilus Pic ** (OR)

— Antennae strongly serrate, with flagellar articles asymmetric on lateral sides; first tarsomere of hind legs 1.5 times longer than following article.............................. Gorhamia Pic * (OR), Pachytarsus Motschulsky # (OR)

31. Antennae pectinate... Flabellotreta Pic ** (OR)

— Antennae not pectinate.............. 32

32. Antennae about as long as body, strongly serrate, with flagellar articles elongate triangular, clearly asymmetric on lateral sides....... Mimophaeopterus Pic ** (OR)

— Antennae not as long as body, more or less filiform, with flagellar articles weakly serrate, symmetric, or slightly asymmetric on lateral sides.......................... 33

33. Pedicel of antenna about twice as long as wide; antennal sockets weakly convex above.......... Drilaster Kiesenwetter ** (OR, PA)

— Pedicel of antenna abbreviated, about as long as broad; antennal sockets convex above............... Picodrilus Wittmer * (OR)