Ampelocissus rugosa (Wall.) Planchon (1884: 374)

Trias-Blasi, Anna, Watson, Mark F., Chayamarit, Kongkanda & Parnell, John A. N., 2015, Typification of two newly recorded species of Ampelocissus (Vitaceae) for Thailand, Phytotaxa 212 (2), pp. 149-156 : 153-155

Ampelocissus rugosa (Wall.) Planchon (1884: 374) ; Planchon (1887: 376); Long & Rae (1991: 151); Shetty & Singh (2000: 258).

Vitis rugosa Wall. , in Roxburgh & Wallich (1824: 480).

Lectotype (designated here):— NEPAL. 1821, N. Wallich s.n. (Wall. Cat. 5994 a) ( K-W! ( K001122737 ( Fig. 3 )) ; isolectotype BM! ( BM000999443 )) .

Vitis nervosa Lawson (1875: 650) . Ampelocissus nervosa (M.A. Lawson) Planchon (1887: 372) . Lectotype (designated here):— INDIA. Sikkim, Himalaya , 1220–1524 m, J.D. Hooker s.n. (K! (K000701015); isolectotypes K! (K000701016), P! (P00697509), CAL).

Climber. Stem erect, cylindrical to slightly flattened, to 6 mm diameter, ridged, hairy with pale arachnoid hairs becoming floccose; tendril bifurcate, born beside the inflorescence at the tip of a common peduncle, tendril peduncle straight 6–8 cm long, then bifurcating and each branch 8–10 cm long, hairy as on stem. Leaves simple, alternate; petiole 2–8 cm × 2 mm, densely hairy with arachnoid hair and multicellular flattened hair 0.2–0.4 mm long; leaf blade cordate, 10–17 × 10–14 cm, base cordate, margin dentate, apex acute; adaxial side densely hairy with multicellular flattened hairs 0.2–0.4 mm long and very scattered pale arachnoid hair, abaxial side densely cinnamomeus arachnoid and with multicellular flattened hairs to 0.5 mm long and veins protruding; 5 main veins with the outer-most basal vein bordering the sinus, 5–7 pairs of secondary veins. Inflorescence leaf-opposed, bearing a tendril, divaricate, umbellate cyme, with the pedicels arising from the same point at the end of the terminal-most axis; common peduncle 3–12 cm × 1–2 mm, primary floral peduncle 2–2.5 cm × 2 mm, densely hairy with hairs as in petiole, pedicel 1–2 mm long, hairy with multicellular flattened hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long. Buds oblong, 1.5–2 × 1.25–2 mm, apex mostly truncate. Calyx cupuliform, entire, sinuate, 0.5–0.75 × 1.25–2 mm, puberulent. Corolla petals 5 (–6), broadly ovate, 1.5 × 0.75–1 mm, spreading out at anthesis, apex cucullate, glabrous to slightly puberulent. Stamens 5 (–6); filaments filiform, flattened, 1–1.25 mm long; anthers orbicular, 0.4–0.6 mm long, medifixed. Ovary adnate with disc, disc with 10 vertical ridges, 0.5 × 1.25–1.5 mm, hairy. Style broadly conical, 0.3 × 0.4 mm; stigma inconspicuous. Fruit unavailable.

Distribution: — Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand.

Distribution in Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Mai. Fig. 2 .

Ecology:— 850–2750 m elev. Flowering and fruiting April to November.

Ethnobotany:— In India, fruits are edible ( Shetty & Singh, 2000).

Specimens examined:— INDIA. Uttarakhand: Kumaon, Nainital, 1981 m, September 1922, Forest Ranger s.n. (K); Kumaon, Nainital, 2133 m, 22 June 1922, P.N. Parker 66 (K); Kumaon, Kili valley, 1828–2438 m, 16 July 1886, J.F. Duthie 5440 (K); Kumaon, Ramgarh, 1826 m, R. Strachley & J.E. Winterbottom 2 (K). Sikkim: Himalaya, 1220– 1524 m, J.D. Hooker s.n. (K (K000701015), K (K000701016), P (P00697509)). NEPAL. 1818, Gardner s.n. (BM (BM000999432)); 1821, N. Wallich s.n. (Wall. Cat. 5994 a) (K-W (K001122737), BM (BM000999443)); Banjaket, 835 m, 7 August 1983, N.P. Manandhar 9502 (KATH); Below Bir Gaon (873274), 1,550 m, 1 July 1972, P.R Sahkya 1884 (KATH); Chhangdung (Makawanpur), 1,315 m, 17 May 1981, N.P. Manandhar 3505 (KATH); Doli, 1,500 m, 20 April 1974, J.F. Dobremez 2635 (KATH); Gangarhi, 2,050 m, 10 August 1981, N.P. Manandhar & D.P. Joshi 6976 (KATH, KATH); Gurjang, 2,420 –2,730 m, 1930, L. Dhwoj 0515 (BM); Lala deurali (Phul.), 1,820 m, 12 July 1967, Miss Manandhar 7108 (BM BM000999441), BM (BM000999387)); Mioyi (Solu), 1,910 m, 27 May 1979, N.P. Manandhar & M.K. Adhikari 1816 (KATH); Surku (Dang side), 25 July 1981, N.P. Manandhar & D.P. Joshi 6154 (KATH). Central Development Region: Bagmati Zone, Dhading District, Majuwa, 8 November 1989, 900 m, N.P. Manandhar 13158 (KATH); Bagmati Zone, Kathmandu District, Nagarjung Danda, 1,560 m., 6 July 1966, S.B. Malla 4840 (KATH, KATH, KATH, KATH, KATH, KATH, KATH); Bagmati Zone, Patan District, Phulchoki, 1,940 m, 7 August 1969, Miss Manandhar 12922 (KATH, KATH); Bagmati Zone, Rasuwa District, Dhunche, 1,830 m, 14 July 1977, N.P. Manandhar 45 (KATH); Bagmati Zone, Sindupalchok District, Melamchigaon, 2,250 m, 23 May 1993, N.P. Manandhar 82–93 (KATH); Bagmati Zone, Sindupalchok District, Melamchi Khola, 1,300 m, 3 July 1970, J.F. Dobremez 482 (KATH); Janakpur Zone, Dolkha District, Kalinchok, 2.500 m, 10 September 1970, H. Kanai, C. Chuma & T. Nagano 675159 (KATH); Janakpur Zone, Dolkha District, Khanigaon, 1,150 m, 9 August 1983, N.P. Manandhar 9548 (KATH). Eastern Development Region: Mechi Zone, Panchthar District, Khuga, 1,870 m., 22 May 1922, N.P. Manandhar & S.K. Acharya 498–92 (KATH); Mechi Zone, Taplejung District, Tamur river between Chhiruwa and Hellok, 1,400 m, 4 September 1989, C. Grey-Wilson, S. Zmartzy, M. Sinnott, D.G. Long, R. McBeath, H.J. Noltie & M.N. Subedi 213 (KATH). Far Western Development Region: Mahakali Zone, Darchula District, Timla-Makarigad, 1,450 m, 17 July 1984, P.R. Shakya, M.K. Adhikari & M.N. Subedi, 7874 (KATH, KATH, KATH, KATH, KATH). Mid Western Development Region: Bheri Zone, Surkhet District, Bheri Nadi, Ila, 2,120 m, 23 June 1966, J.D.A. Stainton 5447 (BM (BM000999436)); Bheri Zone, Surkhet District, Lade to Subachhena, 1,900 m, 2 July 1979, K.R. Rajbhandari & B. Roy 2722 (KATH, KATH); Karnali Zone, Jumla District, Uthugaon, 2,420 m, 31 July 1952, O.V. Polunin, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 4974 (BM (BM000999442)); Karnali Zone: Kalikot District: Nagma, 2,180 m, 23 October 1975, T.B. Shrestha & N.P. Manandhar 384 (KATH, KATH); Rapti Zone, Salyan District, Salyan, 1,300 m, 30 September 1988, N.K. Bhattarai & S.R. Baral 88/552 (KATH, KATH). Western Development Region: Dhawalagiri Zone, Baglung District, Ranabang, 1,000 m, 27 May 1992, N.P. Manandhar & S.K. Acharya 366–92 (KATH); Dhawalagiri Zone: Mustang District: Ghasa, (S. of Tukucha). Kali Gandaki, 2,270 m, 6 July 1954, J.D.A. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 1557 (BM (BM000999438)); Dhawalagiri Zone, Myagdi District, Chimkhola, 1,800 m, 28 May 1992, J.J. Metz 92/101 (KATH); Dhawalagiri Zone, Myagdi District, Myagdi Khola, Dhawalagiri Zone, 1,360 m, 27 May 1954, J.D.A. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 2887 (BM (BM000999440)); Myagdi District, Ranabang, 1,000 m, 27 May 1992, N.P. Manandha r 366–92 (KATH); Gandaki Zone, Gorkha District, Jagat-Philim Gandaki Zone, 1,480 m, 27 July 2008, Manaslu 08 20817043 (KATH); Gorkha District, Machha Khola-Tatopani, 880 m, 26 July 2008, Manaslu 08 20812045 (KATH); Gorkha District, Machha Khola, 900 m, 22 July 1994, M. Suzuki, N. Acharya, N. Fujii, L. Joshi, T. Kajita, N. Kondo, M. Mikage, S. Noshiro & K. Yoda 9470131 (KATH); Gandaki Zone, Kaski District, Ghandruk, 2,100 m, 29 June 1986, N.P. Manandhar & L.P. Katel 11041 (KATH); Gandaki Zone, Kaski District, Hund, 1,450 m, 22 May 1992, N.P. Manandhar & S.K. Acharya 81–92 (KATH); Gandaki Zone, Kaski District, Tolka-Ghandruk, 1,500 m, 21 August, 1988, M. Suzuki, T. Maeda, N. Naruhashi, R. Watanabe, M.N. Subedi, M. Minaki, S. Noshiro & H. Ikeda 8810853 (BM (BM000999431)); Gandaki Zone, Kaski District, Tolka-Ghandruk, 1,830 m, 21 August, 1988, M. Suzuki, T. Maeda, N. Naruhashi, R. Watanabe, M.N. Subedi, M. Minaki, S. Noshiro & H. Ikeda 8860571 (BM (BM000999444)); Gandaki Zone, Lamjung District, Bahundanda, 1,420 m, 8 July 1973, D.P. Joshi & M.M. Amatya 73–342 (KATH, KATH). THAILAND. Chiang Mai: Doi Chiengdao, 1800 m, 4 June 1921, A. F. G. Kerr 5563 (ABD, BK, BM, K); Doi Chiengdao, 1800 m, 4 June 1921, A. F. G. Kerr 5599 (ABD, BK, BM, K).

Notes:— The two Thai specimens, both collected by Kerr from Doi Chiengdao on the same day in June 1921, were labelled as Ampelocissus barbata (Wall.) Planch. but possess morphological characters atypical of that species. In these specimens the inflorescence is an umbellate cyme and the indumentum lacks the dark erect glandular hairs typically found in A. barbata . The first author noticed that these Thai specimens showed similarities to A. rugosa , but also showed some character differences. According to the original description, A. rugosa has simple broad-cordate leaves often trilobed ( Roxburgh & Wallich, 1824), and a recent description by Shetty & Singh (2000) indicates that A. rugosa has simple broad-ovate to suborbicular leaves often shallowly 3–7-lobate. The Thai specimens examined have a cordate leaf-blade with no lobes. In addition, in Shetty & Singh (2000) the A. rugosa description states that the ovary is glabrous, while the Thai specimens have a hairy ovary. No indication regarding the ovary indumentum is given in any of the other descriptions perhaps because it is really difficult to see this character when the flower is wet. The first author believes, however, that given the variability in other species in this genus that this variation is not sufficient to taxonomically separate out Thai material from other A. rugosa . As only two aberrant collections from the same locality were found, additional Thai specimens are required to confirm whether these specimens are A. rugosa or a new taxon. However, at present we treat these specimens as forming the first record of A. rugosa in Thailand.

Wallich’s description ( Roxburgh & Wallich, 1824: 480) of Vitis rugosa states that this plant is “A native of all the mountain and other forests in Nipal”, and this corresponds to entry number 5994 in Wallich’s Catalogue of the East India Company Herbarium ( Wallich 1828: 205). Although Wallich lists eight collections under Wall. Cat. 5994, only 5994.A is from Nepal (‘Napaliae 1821’)—collected by Wallich himself—and so the lectotype should be chosen from the duplicates distributed under 5994.A. Wallich would have had all the material, later distributed un-mounted under this number, available to him at the time he wrote the species description and so any of the many duplicates (perhaps up to 30) would be suitable for designation as the lectotype. Here we select the specimen in the East India Company Herbarium ‘top set’ as the lectotype (K001122747, K-W) as it is has the best quality of plant material.

In the protologue for Vitis nervosa ( Lawson, 1875) only one herbarium collection was mentioned: ‘ Sikkim, Himalaya, alt 4–5000ft., J.D.H[ooker].’. Two specimens matching this description have been found at K, and we have selected as the lectotype the specimen which is a better representative of the species as described by Lawson.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Distribution map of A. araneosa (black circle) and A. rugosa (black triangle) in Thailand based on specimen data.

FIGURE 3. Lectotype of Ampelocissus rugosa (Wall. ex Roxb.) Planch. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Reproduced with the consent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.