Dyssochroma jardimii G.B.Silva, Stehmann & Giacomin, 2025

Silva, Gabriel Barros Da, Jesus, Rodrigo José Araújo De, Giacomin, Leandro Lacerda, Stehmann, João Renato, Cardoso, Pedro Henrique & Silva, Tânia Regina Dos Santos, 2025, Two new species of Dyssochroma (Solandreae, Solanaceae) and an updated identification key to the genus, Phytotaxa 706 (1), pp. 91-100 : 96-98

2. Dyssochroma jardimii G.B.Silva, Stehmann & Giacomin sp. nov. ( Figs. 2 E–G , 4 ).

Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia, Arataca, RPPN do IESB, Serra do Peito de Moça , 15º10’27”S – 39º20’22”W, 20 December 2008 (fl), A. B. Jardim et al. 176 (holotype CEPEC-127308; isotype RB-554054) .

Diagnosis:— A species similar to Dyssochroma viridiflorum , but differs by its pubescent young stems with simple, 3–7-celled non-glandular trichomes (vs. glabrous or glabrescent, sometimes with some minute simple unicellular trichomes), leaves with trichomes concentrated along the midvein (vs. glabrous), revolute at margins (vs. plain), hirsute pedicels (vs. glabrous), pubescent calyces (vs. glabrous), and green corolla with purplish to brownish stripes (vs. green corollas without stripes in D. viridiflorum ).

Hemiephiphytes or lianas; stem to 3 cm in diam., subterete, bark brown, young stem pubescent, with simple, 3–7- celled non-glandular trichomes, whitish, turning ferruginous when dry, ca. 1 mm long, older stem glabrescent. Leaves chartaceous to somewhat leathery, petioles 1–3.2 cm long, blades (4–)6.2–9.8(–14.3) × (1.8–)3.4–4.6(–6.5) cm, elliptic, base cuneate, apex acute or attenuate, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent, abaxial surface glabrescent, with simple, 3–5-celled non-glandular trichomes, ca. 1 mm long, concentrated along the midvein, margins entire, revolute, ciliate, purplish. Flowers solitary, axillar or terminal, pedicels 4–7 mm long, enlarged distally, hirsute, with unbranched, 3–5- celled non-glandular trichomes, 1–2 mm long. Bracts 1–2 mm long, subulate. Calyx green with purplish or brownish margins, spathaceous, irregularly deeply 5-lobed, lobes (2.3–)2.8–3.6 × 0.8–1.1 cm, apex acute or slightly obtuse, outer and inner surface pubescent, the trichomes like those on the stems and leaves. Corolla with valvate aestivation, campanulate, green with purplish or brownish stripes, tube (3.2–) 5.5–10 cm long, sparsely pubescent on outer and inner surfaces, with simple, non-glandular, ca. 0.1 mm long, lobes shorter than the tube, ca. 1.6 cm long, glabrous, apex obtuse, revolute; stamens exserted ca. 2 cm from the corolla tube, subequal in size, not reaching the same level, the filaments adnate 1.8–2 cm to base of the corolla tube, enlarged and glabrous at base, attenuate at apex, the free part 6–6.5 cm long, anthers basifixed, linear, opening by longitudinal slits, (0.6–)0.9–1 × 0.1 cm, shortly lobed at the base (ca. 0.1 cm long), brown, not connivent, thecae not confluent at the apex; ovary glabrous, conical, 3–4 × 3 mm long, with a nectariferous disk around, style 4.9–10 cm long, filiform, stigma saddle-shaped, placed 1–2.5 mm above the anthers. Fruit a berry, ca. 2 cm long, subglobose, with a thin pericarp, somewhat dry at maturity, glabrous; calyx persistent and accrescent, becoming sparsely pubescent; seeds numerous, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 cm, falcate, the surface reticulate, concave, with sinuous anticlinal cell walls.

Paratypes:— Bahia. Arataca , Serra das Lontras , 15º10’25”S, 39º20’30”W, 12 February 2005 (fl), J. G. Jardim 4377 ( CEPEC) ; Arataca, Serra do Peito de Moça , 15º10’25”S, 39º20’30”W, 15 May 2005 (fr), A. M. Amorim 4962 ( CEPEC) ; Arataca, RPPN Caminho das Pedras, Serra do Peito de Moça , 15º10’27”S, 39º20’22”W, 22 July 2005 (fr), J. G. Jardim 4736 ( CEPEC) ; Arataca, Serra do Peito de Moça , 15º10’25”S, 39º20’30”W, 13 April 2006 (fl), A. M. Amorim et. al 5731 ( BHCB, CEPEC) ; Arataca , RPPN Caminho das Pedras, 15º10’25”S, 39º20’30”W, 6 August 2006 (fl), M. M. M. Lopes et. al 1005 ( CEPEC) ; Arataca , Serra das Lontras , 15º11’22”S – 39º23’7”W, 30 March 2008 (fl), A. M. Amorim 7231 ( CEPEC) ; Arataca, RPPN do IESB, Serra do Peito de Moça , 15º10’27”S, 39º20’22”W, 19 December 2008 (fl), A. B. Jardim 130 ( CEPEC) ; Boa Nova , PARNA Boa Nova, 14º21’25”S, 40º12’46”W, 8 February 2013 (fl), A. M. Amorim et al. 8255 ( CEPEC, RB) ; Camacã , RPPN Serra Bonita , 15º23’30”S, 39º33’55”W, 13 February 2005 (fl), J. G. Jardim 4455 ( CEPEC) ; Camacã , RPPN Serra Bonita , 15º23’30”S, 39º33’55”W, 4 June 2006 (fr, M. M. M. Lopes 750 ( CEPEC) ; Camacã , RPPN Serra Bonita , 15º23’30”S, 39º33’55”W, 11 August 2006 (fl), M. M. M. Lopes 1039 ( CEPEC) ; Camacã , RPPN Serra Bonita , 15º23’30”S, 39º33’55”W, 9 December 2006 (fl), R. A. X. Borges 355 ( CEPEC) ; Guaratinga, Rodovia Guaratinga / São Paulinho , 5 April 1973 (fl), R. S. Pinheiro 2094 ( CEPEC, RB) ; Santa Luzia , Serra da Onça , 10 May 1998 (fr), A. M. Amorim 2422 ( CEPEC) ; São José da Vitória, Estrada São José-Una, 15º05’48’’S, 39º19’12’’W, 27 June 2000 (fl), A. M. Amorim 3544 ( CEPEC, MO, NY, RB) ; Una, Reserva Biológica do Mico-Leão , 15º09’S, 39º05’W, 28 January 1998 (fl), A. M. Carvalho 6484 ( CEPEC) ; Uruçuca, Parque Estadual Serra do Conduru , 14º29’S, 39º06’W, 23 October 2003 (fr), P. Fiaschi 1722 ( CEPEC) .

Distribution and ecology:— Dyssochroma jardimii has been recorded in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia state ( Fig. 3 ). It occurs in moist forests, locally referred to as matas higrófilas ( Mori et al. 1983), at elevations ranging from 450 to 1,000 m. The species was collected with flowers from January to August, and with fruits from May to July, and in October.

Preliminary conservation assessment:— Dyssochroma jardimii was found in a region of the Atlantic Forest still considered a biodiversity knowledge gap ( Ostroski et al. 2020, Gaem et al. 2024). Based on available collections, its estimated EOO and AOO are 8,518.170 km ² and 32 km ², respectively, with several specimens collected within protected areas, such as Parque Estadual Serra do Conduru, Parque Nacional de Boa Nova, and Reserva Biológica de Una. The species meets Criterion B2, with an AOO of less than 500 km ². However, due to the lack of data on habitat decline and subpopulation size, we are unable to assign it to a threat category, as at least two of the three conditions under Criterion B must be met to justify such a classification. Therefore, we suggest that D. jardimii should be considered Data Deficient (DD).

Etymology:— The specific epithet is dedicated to Dr. Jomar Jardim, the current curator of the CEPEC herbarium, who has devoted his life to both fieldwork as a skilled woodsman (mateiro) and as a professor of Botany. He is one of the most prolific collectors in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, with extensive knowledge of the state’s flora. Furthermore, he contributed by collecting some specimens of this new species.

Taxonomic notes:— Several specimens of Dyssochroma jardimii were previously identified as “ Dyssochroma sp. nov. ” or “ Dyssochroma aff. viridiflorum ” in the analyzed herbarium collections. Stehmann & Giacomin (2025) noted that specimens of D. viridiflorum collected in southeastern region of Bahia state are pilose, while specimens from other regions of Brazil are glabrous. However, these pilose specimens from southeastern Bahia with 3–7-celled non-glandular trichomes on young stems, calyces and corolla tubes are here recognized as a distinct species. Dyssochroma jardimii and D. viridiflorum are similar in the size and shape of leaves, calyces and corollas. Nonetheless, they can be distinguished by the characteristics outlined in the diagnosis.

Orejuela (2021), in his thesis on the evolution of epiphytism in Solanaceae , conducted a molecular analysis based on plastid DNA from various genera of the tribe Solandreae and reported a presumed new species within Dyssochroma . It was designated as Dyssochroma sp. nov. 1, based on the specimen Amorim 3544, which corresponds to D. jardimii .

The two new species described in this study share similar pubescent indumentum on young stems, calyces and corollas. However, Dyssochroma jardimii has longer leaves measuring (4–)6.2–9.8(–14.3) cm (vs. leaves (0.8–) 1.2–3.4 cm long), elliptic blades (vs. ovate), glabrescent abaxial surfaces, with trichomes concentrated along the midvein (vs. entirely pubescent), irregularly deeply 5-lobed calyx (vs. regularly 5-lobed), lobes (2.3–) 2.8–3.6 cm long (vs. 1.7–2 cm long), corolla with purplish or brownish stripes (vs. green without stripes), and ovary 3–4 × 3 mm long (vs. 5–6 × 6 mm long in D. caatingae ). Additionally, D. jardimii has only straight 3–7-celled non-glandular trichomes (vs. a variety of non-glandular trichomes types in D. caatingae , including simple, 2–3-branched, falcate, crooked, long and slender 4–12-celled). These species also have a distinct distribution, with D. jardimii occurring in the Atlantic Forest domain, specifically in the moist forests from southeastern Bahia state, whereas D. caatingae is found in seasonal forest within the Caatinga domain in Pernambuco state.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Field photos of the two new species of Dyssochroma. A–D. Dyssochroma caatingae; A—Flower and leaves overview. B— Stem and flower overview. C—Floral bud, showing the small leaves from the young branch. D—Corolla seen from below, showing the stamens and stigma. E-G. Dyssochroma jardimii; E—Habit, detailing the leaves margins. F—Stem with floral bud and flowers, detailing the stamens and stigma. G—Corolla seen from below. Photos: A-D, Vinícius Messas Cotarelli; E-G, Jomar Gomes Jardim.

FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Dyssochroma caatingae and D. jardimii in Brazil. The highlighted area includes all or part of the following states:AL (Alagoas), BA (Bahia), CE (Ceará), MA (Maranhão), MG (Minas Gerais), PB (Paraíba), PE (Pernambuco), PI (Piauí), RN (Rio Grande do Norte), SE (Sergipe). Phytogeographic domains are depicted for the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, where the new species occur.

FIGURE 4. Dyssochroma jardimii. A—Habit. B—Young branch with calyx. C—Detail of the leaf margin and venation, adaxial surface. D—Leaf base and part of petiole, showing detail of revolute margins and pubescent midvein. E—Flower pedicel and calyx. F—Detail of indumentum (left) and trichome from the pedicel and calyx (right). G—Flower. H—Anthers and part of gynoecium. I—Stigma. J—Ovary. K—Fruit with part of the persistent calyx. L—Seed. (A–G: A.B. Jardim et al. 176; H, I: M.M.M. Lopes 1005; J: A.M. Amorim 5731; K, L: J.G. Jardim 4736, illustrated by Pétala G. Ribeiro).