Arundinella setosa Trin.

Veldkamp, J. F., 2015, Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation, Blumea 59 (3), pp. 167-179 : 174-175

7. Arundinella setosa Trin. — Fig. 1

Arundinella setosa Trin. (1826) 63. — Type: Wallich & Rudge s.n. e Herb. Lindley in Herb. Trinius 404.1 (LE, IDC microfiche BT-16/1; CGE)), Nepal, but not identical with Wallich 8666-A ( A. nepalensis Trin. ) or 8669-A (syntype of A. wallichii Nees ex Steud. : 114 = A. bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce ).

[ Agrostis biseta Spreng. ex Steud. (1840) 39, 143, in syn. sub Arundinella indica Trin. , nom. nud. — ( Arundinella sprengelii Trin. , nom. ined.) — Voucher: Roxburgh e Herb. Spreng.in Herb. Trinius 406.2 (LE, IDC microfiche BT-16/1)].

? Miquelia barbulata Nees (1841) 46 (preprint); (1843) 178. — Berghausia barbulata (Nees) Endl. ex Miq. (1851) 32. — Garnotia barbulata (Nees) Merr.(1918) 130;Janowski in Janowski & Mez (1921) 86, isonym. — Type: Meyen s.n. ‘Promonotorium Syng-moon Imp. Sinensis’ (holo B†; perhaps in BM, BR, CAS, CGE, K, KIEL, LE).

Arundinella stricta Nees (1850) 102. — Danthonia luzoniensis Steud. (Apr. 1854a) 245, nom. superfl. — Arundinella setosa Trin. var. stricta Pilg. (1904) 140. — Type: Cuming 1415 (holo CGE; K, P).

Arundinella tricuspidula Buse in Miq. (Feb. 1854) preprint: 20; (Aug. 1854) 360; Janowski (1922) 27 (‘ tricuspidata ’). — Type: Horner s.n. ‘ Sumatra, Padang Lawas ’ (holo L, sh. 902.23-97).

Arundinella tricuspidula Buse var. obscurior Buse in Miq. (Feb. 1854) preprint: 20;(Aug.1854) 360. — Type: Reinwardt s.n. (holo L, sh. 902.23-96).

Arundinella setifera Steud. (1854a) 115. — Type: Hohenacker 920 (holo P; K, L).

Arundinella hirsuta Nees ex Steud.(1854a) 115. — Type: Wallich Cat. 8671 (holo K, IDC microfiche 7394).

Arundinella mutica Nees ex Steud. (1854a) 116. — Arundinella capillaris Hook.f. (1896) 74, nom. superfl. — Type: Heyne in Herb. Wallich 8665-A (holo P; K, IDC microfiche 7394).

Arundinella zollingeri Steud.(1854a) 115 (‘2034’); (1854b) 59. — Type: Zollinger 2834 (holo P, 01856819; BM), designated here .

Danthonia neuroëlytrum Steud. (1854a) 245. — Type: Fortune 5 (holo P).

[ Milium cimicinoides Roxb. ex Hook.f. (1896) 70, in syn. sub A. setosa . — Voucher: Roxburgh (K)].

Arundinella lasiostoma K.Schum. (1900) 174. — Arundinella setosa Trin. var. lasiostoma Jansen (1953) 235. — Type: Lauterbach 2744 (holo B†).

Arundinella sinensis Rendle (1904) 342. — Syntypes: Ford 125, 201, 212 (K).

Arundinella lasiostoma K.Schum. var. hirsutissima Pilg. (1905) 56. — Type: F.H. Brown 188 (holo B†; NSW).

Arundinella setosa Trin.var. culionensis Jansen (1953) 235. — Type: Bartlett 15532 (holo MICH).

Arundinella setosa Trin.var. esetosa Bor (1960:425 ,sine typo) ex S. M .Phillips & S.- L . Chen (2005) 468. — Type: T . Thomson s.n. (holo K).

Plants perennial. Culms tufted, erect, 0.6–1.5(–2.1) m long. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous or margins hairy (see note). Throat glabrous or hairy. Ligule 0.3–1 mm high. Blades flaccid or rather stiff, flat or involute, linear, 16–42 cm by 3–9 mm, glabrous, margins scabrous. Peduncle glabrous under the panicle. Panicle loosely contracted, not interrupted at base, 10–45 by 1–9 cm, lowermost branch solitary, 6– 25 cm long, angular, scabrous, not pilose. Pedicels scabrous, apically setose. Spikelets 4.5–7 mm long, greenish, yellowish, or purple suffused with green nerves. Glumes glabrous; lower glume 3.5–6 mm long, 0.67–0.89 times as long as the spikelet, distinctly longer than the lower lemma, apex acuminate to mucronate, 3-nerved; upper glume 5-nerved, apex long-acuminate. Lower lemma neuter (paleate) or male, 3.2–4.5 mm long, 3(–7)-nerved, apex acute; upper lemma 2.2–3.25 mm long, castaneous in fruit, microscopically scaberulous (40 ×!), 0(–3)-nerved, callus hairs 0.5–0.8 mm long, 0.23–0.32 times as long as the lemma, apex acute, apex with lateral setae (up to 3 mm long), rarely without, awn distinctly exserted beyond the glumes, geniculate, 5.2–9.1 mm long when dry, column 1–3 mm long when dry. Anthers 3, 1.3–1.7 mm long. 2n = 20, also 16, 32, 48, 54, 80.

Distribution — India (Kerala to NE) to China (widespread), Taiwan, N Australia (W Australia, N Territory, Queensland); Malesia: Sumatra, Malay Pen. (Kedah, Kelantan), Java, Borneo (S Kalimantan, Kab. Banjar, Soekisman 52, BIOT), Celebes (Lombasang, Masamba), Kabaëna, Philippines (Busuanga, Cu- lion, Luzon, Manamoc Isl., Mindanao), Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Flores, Timor), New Guinea: Irian Jaya (Baliem, Jayapura), Papua New Guinea (Central, Chimbu, Enga, E-, W Highlands, Madang, Milne Bay, Morobe, W Sepik Prov.).

Habitat — Sunny, dry, often less fertile soils (clay, granite, laterite, peat, sand stone, volcanic), fire-damaged areas. Mixeddeciduous or evergreen Dipterocarp-Oak, Pine, Casuarina , Eucalyptus , sclerophyllous (with e.g. Actinodaphne , Calamus , Daphniphyllum , Melastoma , Meliosma ) forests, secondary grasslands with e.g. Crotalaria anagyroides Kunth , Mimosa diplotricha Sauvalle , Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. , Chloris barbata Sw. , Eragrostis tenuifolia (A.Rich.) Steud. , Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult., Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv. , Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius , P. paniculatum L., Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult., Themeda triandra Forssk. , Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R.D.Webster. Locally numerous, sometimes vegetation forming. 0–2030 m altitude.

Collector’s notes — Tufted perennial. Roots pale brown. Culms green. Sheaths pale brown. Blades flat, green to some- what dull violet above, pale green beneath. Inflorescence axes pale to medium green, often dull dark violet. Glumes pale green, often with dark pink, brown, dull maroon, purple, with green or black nerves, turning tan. Lemmas, paleas white. Columns brown, dull maroon, setae pale green, tan. Filaments white, anthers yellow, dark violet. Stigmas dark purple.

Notes — Immediately recognisable by the coronula under the spikelet and the two setae at the base of the awn. However, the latter are very variable in length and sometimes minute to lacking ( var. esetosa ) and if not immediately found several spikelets should be inspected. In Malesia, too, specimens with microscopic or no setae were seen, so it would appear that this form is merely an extreme in a range and not worth of recognition.

Miquelia barbulata is tentatively included here, as no authentic material has been seen, while it must be noted that Merrill (1918) equated it with Garnotia patula .

Jansen (1953: 235) erroneously regarded Schlechter 18422 as the type of A. lasiostoma . Indeed, as he said, the differ- ences with the typical form are inessential for the recognition at any rank.

Plants are usually quite glabrous, LAE 72431 (Henty) (BRI, L, LAE ) is except for the inflorescence exceptionally hairy.

Figures

Fig. 1 Arundinella setosa Trin. a. Spikelets; b1. lower glume; c1. first lemma; d1. first palea; b2. upper glume; c2. second lemma; d2. second palea (ventral, dorsal); e2. second floret (note 3 anthers) (all Veldkamp 7101, L).