Ichthyosquama trochus ( Penard, 1899 ) Soler-Zamora & Useros & González-Miguéns & Gómez-Rodríguez & Lara, 2023

Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Useros, Fernando, González-Miguéns, Rubén, Gómez-Rodríguez, Pablo & Lara, Enrique, 2023, The problem of ‘ shadow species’ as illustrated with the taxonomic hotchpotch Cyphoderia ampulla (Rhizaria: Cyphoderiidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 199 (2), pp. 477-492 : 489

Ichthyosquama trochus ( Penard, 1899) comb. nov.

( Figs 1 , 6 C 5 )

Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:427AF3BE-7265-4771-A7F6-C2318FED2536 .

Knarr Soler-Zamora, Useros, González-Miguéns & Lara gen. nov.

( Figs 1 , 3 , 7 D )

Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A5C3849A-0CE6-4411-9E03-C8C5A22E7C0E .

Type species: Knarr compressa ( Golemansky, 1979) comb. nov.

Description: Scales from the shell are non-imbricated with a kidney shape and the species inhabits marine ecosystems.

Etymology: A knarr was a type of Norse merchant ship used in long sea voyages. The name refers to the shape of the shells, and also to the wide geographical distribution of the genus (González‐Miguéns et al. 2022).

Included taxa: See Supporting Information, Appendix S1.

Figures

Figure 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on SSU and COI sequences of the family Cyphoderiidae.At each node posterior probability values (Bayesian analysis) and bootstrap values (Maximum Likelihood analysis) are represented.The colours represent the molecular clades. GenBank accession codes are given on the tips. Species names correspond to the taxonomic assignation of the organisms based on morphology for each lineage.

Figure 3. Dichotomous key of the family Cyphoderiidae.New genera are in bold with their respective shell outline drawing (50 μm scale bar), scale arrangement under SEM (grey box with 10 μm scale bar), and shell outline under light microscopy (orange box) in order to differentiate them. (A) Cyphoderia; (B) Oleiformis gen. nov.; (C) Ichthyosquama gen. nov.: (D) Knarr gen. nov., (E) Psammoderia gen. nov.

Figure 5. SEM images of the different species of Oleiformis gen. nov. Insets show the typical habitat for each organism. At the bottom, an original drawing of the previously known species is shown. The coloured squares at the top left of each image have the same colour as the clades to which each taxon corresponds in Fig.1. The white bar represents a scale of 10 μm and the black bar 50 μm for each organism.

Figure 6. SEM images of the different species of Ichthyosquama gen. nov. Insets show the typical habitat for each organism.At the bottom right of the two previously known species, the original drawing is represented.The coloured squares at the top left of each image have the same colour as the clades to which each taxon corresponds in Fig.1. The white bar represents a scale of 10 μm and the black bar 50 μm for each organism.

Figure 7. SEM images of the different species of Knarr gen. nov. and the original drawings of both genera, Knarr gen. nov. and Psammoderia gen. nov. Insets show the typical habitat for each organism. The coloured squares at the top left of each image have the same colour as the clades to which each taxon corresponds in Fig. 1. The white bar represents a scale of 10 μm and the black bar 50 μm for each organism.