Pulmoniscus turbanaensis López-Orozco, Carpio-Díaz & Campos-Filho, 2017

López-Orozco, Carlos Mario, Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia Margarita & and Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho, Gabriel R. Navas S., 2017, A new species and fi rst record of Pulmoniscus Leistikow, 2001 (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Philosciidae) from Colombia, Nauplius (e 2017014) 25, pp. 1-9 : 3-7

Pulmoniscus turbanaensis López-Orozco, Carpio-Díaz & Campos-Filho n. sp.

( Figs. 1–5 )

Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂ ( CUDC-CRU 12 ), El Mameyal , Turbana, Bolívar, Colombia, 10°16’31.32”N 75°26’0.25” W, 23.X.2015, leg. Keiner Meza-T . Paratypes: 1 ♂ ( CUDC-CRU 13 ) , 1 ♀ ( CUDC-CRU 14 ), same locality and date as holotype, leg. Y.Carpio-Díaz. 7 ♂, 21 ♀ ( CUDC-CRU 15 ), same locality and date as holotype, leg. C.M. López-Orozco. 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (ICN-CI-85), 5.VI.2016, same locality as holotype, leg. Y. Carpio-Díaz. 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( CUDC-CRU 16 ), Tierra Bomba , Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia, 10°21’41.59”N 75°32’24.00”W, 7.VIII.2016, leg. Y. Carpio-Díaz. 12 ♂, 5 ♀ ( CUDC-CRU 17 ), Macondo estate, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia, 10°21’26.88”N 75°25’45.92”W, 15.VII.2016, leg. Y. Herrera-Medina.

Description. Maximum body measurements: ♂ (holotype), 8.5 mm length, 3 mm width; ♀ 6.9 mm length, 2.8 mm width. Body outline as in Fig. 2A . Color light to dark brown; antennal peduncle with first, second and distal portion of fifth article and flagellum unpigmented; cephalon with irregular unpigmented spots;pereon with dark lines on median and paramedian portions; epimera with one distinct unpigmented row, outer margins unpigmented; pleon strongly pigmented, pleonites 1–3 with two unpigmented spots; telson strongly pigmented, two unpigmented spots on paramedian region, one thin unpigmented spot on median portion; uropods weakly pigmented ( Fig. 2A ). Dorsal surface baring short piliform scale-setae ( Fig.2B ). Noduli laterales b/c and d/c coordinates as in Fig. 2C,D , respectively.Cephalon ( Fig. 2E,F ) without lateral lobes and frontal line, supraantennal line bent downwards in middle; eyes with 23 ommatidia in four rows. Pleon ( Fig. 2A ) slightly narrower than pereon, neopleurae 3–5 well-developed. Telson ( Fig. 2G ) with lateral margins concave, distal margin right-angled. Antennula ( Fig. 2H ) with distal article bearing six aesthetascs in three sets plus apical pair. Antenna ( Fig. 2I ) when extended posteriorly reaching posterior margin of pereonite 3; flagellum of three articles subequal in length, apical organ very short. Mandibles ( Fig. 3A, B ) with molar penicil dichotomized bearing ten branches, left with 2+1 penicils, right mandible with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula ( Fig. 3C ) inner endite with distal margin rounded bearing two hairy penicils; outer endite of 4 teeth stout plus 5 teeth cleft at apex, three of them with apex crown-shaped. Maxilla ( Fig. 3D ) outer lobe more than twice as wide as inner lobe, distal margin rounded, covered with setae; inner lobe bearing thick setae. Maxilliped ( Fig. 3E ) base rectangular bearing sparse setae; palp with two setae distinct in length on proximal article; endite sub-quadrangular, medial seta surpassing distal margin, distal margin straight with one small seta. Uropod ( Fig. 3F ) protopod and exopod grooved on lateral margin, exopod twice as long as endopod, endopod inserted proximally.Pereopods 1–7 slightly strong; pereopod 1 carpus with longitudinal grooming brush; dactylus of two claws, inner claw not surpassing outer claw, ungual seta and dactylar organ simple not surpassing outer claw.Pleopod exopods with monospiracular pleopodal lungs, spiraculum inserted on one third of length of outer margin, perispiracular area covered with concentric cuticular wrinkles.

Male. Pereopods 1–4 merus and carpus with brush of setae on sternal margin ( Fig.4A ); pereopod7 ischium sternal margin concave and distal sternal portion slightly prominent, tergal margin with two setae ( Fig. 4B ). Pleopod 1 ( Fig. 4C ) exopod subtriangular, outer and inner margins almost straight, outer margin bearing 4 small setae, distal margin obtuse; endopod twice as long as exopod, distal portion directed outwards, apex with two lobes delimiting spermatic channels, one lobe directed outwards and other directed inwards, inner distal margin bearing small setae at apex. Pleopod 2 ( Fig. 4D ) exopod triangular, outer margin almost straight bearing several setae; endopod slightly longer than exopod. Pleopods 3–5 exopods as in Fig. 4E–G , respectively.

Etymology. The new species is named after one of the localities where the specimens were colleted: Turbana.

Remarks. Vandel (1952) described the new species

Balloniscus insularuminfraventum from Windward Islands, Archipelago Los Roques, Venezuela. Based on pleopod exopods with covered pleopodal lungs, the author included the genus in the subfamily Porcellionidae quinquetracheatae [= Trachelipodidae Strouhal, 1953 ]. Leistikow (2001) re-examined the type material of B.insularuminfraventum and mentioned that all pleopod exopods have monospiracular respiratory structures. Based on this argument, the author erected Pulmoniscus to allocate Vandel’s species. Currently, the genus is inserted in family Philosciidae , closely related to the genera Balloniscus Budde-Lund, 1908 , Plataoniscus Leistikow, 2001 ( Balloniscidae ), Oniscophiloscia Wahrberg, 1922 , and Philoscia Latreille, 1804 ( Philosciidae ). These taxa share a few characteristics, dorsal tricorn-setae with broad basis, and male pereopod 7 ischium with more than 5 setae on the lateral margin ( Leistikow, 2001).

The pleopodal lungs are one of the most important morphological characteristics related to the terrestrialization process of Oniscidea ( Ferrara et al., 1994; Leistikow, 2001). This structure evolved several times within many taxa of the suborder (see Ferrara et al., 1990; Paoli et al., 2002; Leistikow, 2001; Schmidt, 2002, 2003; Cardoso et al., 2016). Regarding the family Philosciidae , the pleopodal lungs are also present in other genera of the family such as Aphiloscia Budde-Lund, 1908 , Atlantoscia Ferrara & Taiti, 1981 , Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 , Congophiloscia Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1978 , Philoscia Latreille, 1804 , and Tiroloscia Verhoeff, 1926 . As mentioned by Leistikow (2001), the pleopodal lungs of Pulmoniscus are similar to those found in Agnara Budde-Lund, 1908 , characterized by monospiracular structures (see Agnaridae section in Schmidt, 2003). This was also confirmed for P. turbanaensis n. sp.

The new species is included in the genus Pulmoniscus as defined by Leistikow (2001). Pulmoniscus turbanaensis n. sp. can be easily distinguished from P. insularuminfraventum by the male pereopod 7 ischium with the sternal margin concave instead of straight. Other distinguishing characteristics are the shape of the male pleopod 1 exopod subtriangular with four setae on outer margin (vs. subquadrangular without setae), and the male pleopod 1 endopod with two lobes on apex delimiting the spermatic channels (vs. lobes absent).

Ecological remarks. In the Mameyal, P. turbanaensis n. sp. has a high population density during rainy and transition seasons. The species can be found among leaf litter of Mammea americana , Mangifera indica , and Manilkara sapota , feeding on their fruits and sheltering under pieces of trees in decomposition ( Fig. 5 ). Some specimens were observed feeding on faeces of A. seniculus . Terrestrial isopods contribute significantly to the organic matter decomposition cycle, and are influenced by physico-chemical aspects of the leaf litter and abiotic characteristics ( Zimmer and Topp, 1997; 2000; Zimmer, 2002; 2004; Zimmer et al., 2002; Quadros and Araujo, 2008). Pulmoniscus turbanaensis n. sp. has a high abundance, being the dominant species throughout the locality.

In Macondo estate, the species is equally abundant as in Mameyal and it is often preyed by domestic chickens. The species seems to be adapted to the leaf litter of Bambusa vulgaris , Mangifera indica , Pouteria sapota , and Manilkara sapota , and it was also found under rocks and tree pieces.

In Tierra Bomba, few individuals of P.turbanaensis n. sp. were found at 5meters from the waterfront,collected together with Ligia baudiniana Milne Edwards, 1840 , and between leaves of Rhizophora mangle , Avicennia germinans , and Laguncularia racemosa in mangroves. This species can be considered as introduced in the island, probably by human activities.

Figures

Figure 1. Distribution map of Pulmoniscus turbanaensis n. sp. Dark grey areas = Tropical Dry Forest.

Figure 2. Pulmoniscus turbanaensis n. sp. ♀ Paratype (CUDC-CRU 14): A. Dorsal habitus; B. Dorsal scale-seta, C. b/c noduli laterales coordinates; D. d/c nodulilaterales coordinates;E.Cephalon, frontal view; F.Cephalon,dorsal view; G.Telson; H.Antenna; I. Antennula.

Figure 3. Pulmoniscus turbanaensis n. sp. ♀ Paratype (CUDC-CRU 14): A. Left mandible; B. Right mandible; C. Maxillula; D. Maxilla; E. Maxilliped; F. Uropod.

Figure 4. Pulmoniscus turbanaensis n. sp. ♂ Paratype (CUDC-CRU 13): A. Pereopod 1; B. Pereopod 7; C. Pleopod 1; D. Pleopod 2; E. Pleopod 3 exopod; F. Pleopod 4 exopod; G. Pleopod 5 exopod.

Figure 5. Pulmoniscus turbanaensis n.sp., Mameyal, Turbana.A.Specimens feeding on Manilkarasapota fruits; B.Specimens under piece of trees of Mammea americana, Mangifera indica and Manilkara sapota.