Onosma L.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.305475 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287E6-FFFA-556F-E731-6A4EFA0D13E9 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Onosma L. |
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9. Onosma L. View in CoL 2
Biennial or perennial, hispid herbs. Flowers in terminal, usually branched, bracteate cymes. Calyx lobed almost to the base, often accrescent. Corolla yellow, whitish or purplish, tubular to tubular-campanulate, with 5 short, patent or deflexed lobes, without scales, but with an annulus near the base. Stamens included or exserted, inserted at about the middle of the corolla; anthers sagittate at base, usually with a projecting connective at the apex. Style exserted; stigma capitate to bifid. Nutlets sometimes fewer than 4 by abortion, ovoid or trigonous, acute or beaked, erect, smooth or tuberculate, with triangular, flat base.
Literature: S. Jâvorka, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Hung. 4: 406-449 (1906); Jour. Bot. (London) 66: 1-9, 57-75 (1928). C. C. Lacaita, Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. nov. ser., 31: 18-35 (1924). G. Stroh, Beih. Bot. Centr. 59B: 430-454 (1939). M. G. Popov, Not. Syst. (Leningrad) 14: 287-304 (1951).
In addition to the setae with an enlarged base, known from many genera of the Boraginaceae , many species of Onosma have setae with usually 4-20 rays arising from the base. These are referred to as stellate setae, and are fully described by Jâvorka (loc. cit.). The central seta is occasionally absent from these hairs, but usually it is distinctly longer and stouter than the rays. The descriptions of the stellate setae in this account are of those found on the lower leaves. The genus presents considerable taxonomic difficulty, particularly in C. & S.E. Europe, which cannot be satisfactorily resolved without experimental investigation. The presence or absence of stellate setae is widely used as a major character in the genus, but in a number of species (particularly 13-20) there may be a wide range of variation in the presence, frequency and length of the stellate setae. There has, in the past, been considerable nomenclatural confusion and the following names have been widely misapplied: O. echioides L. , O. setosa Ledeb. , O. stellulata Waldst. & Kit. and O. taurica Willd.
O. fruticosa Sibth. & Sm. , FI. Graec. Prodr. 1: 122 (1806), a species endemic to Cyprus, has been recorded in error from Kriti. All species occur in dry, sunny habitats. 1 All setae simple
2 Corolla 8-15 mm
3 Nutlets6 -7 mm, tuberculate
4 Corolla c. 1 J times as long as calyx; anthers shorter than filaments 2. graeca 4 Corolla scarcely exceeding calyx; anthers longer than filaments 3. taygetea 3 Nutlets2 -5-4(-5)mm, smooth
5 Corolla red or purple, or yellow with a red or purple tinge
10. tinctoria 5 Corolla pale yellow
6 Corolla 8-12(-15) mm; setae white, sometimes with yellow apex 10. tinctoria 6 Corolla12-15 mm; setaeyellow ordullbrown 15. arenaria 2 Corolla 15-25 mm
7 Nutlets4 -9 mm, with3 horns at apex 7. tricerosperma 7 Nutlets2 -6 mm, not homed
8 Nutlets 4-6 mm, ± tuberculate
9 Corolla puberulent
10 Calyx 12-17 mm in flower, 20-25 mm in fruit; cells in tubercles of setae in 1-2 rows 4. visianii 10 Calyx 15-20 mm in flower, 25-40 mm in fruit; cells in tubercles of setae in at least 3 rows 5. rhodopea 9 Corolla glabrous, but sometimes shortly papillose
11 Cauline setae 1 -3 mm; plant with long, slender, branched woody stock and simple flowering stems
1. frutescens 11 Longest cauline setae 3-4 mm; plant caespitose with branched flowering stem
12 Calyx 20-30 mm in fruit; corolla 20-25 mm, not papillose 6. setosa 12 Calyx not more than 20 mm in fruit; corolla 18-20 mm, papillose 7. tricerosperma 8 Nutlets 2-4 mm, usually smooth
13 Lower leaves white or grey, at least beneath, with very dense, closely appressed setae
14 Calyx 6-8 mm in flower, 10-13 mm in fruit; setae on stem and calyx appressed 8. simplicissima 14 Calyx 12-15 mm in flower, 20-25 mm in fruit; setae on stem and calyx patent 9. polyphylla 13 Lower leaves green or grey-green with patent or semipatent setae
15 Pedicels 5-8 mm in flower, up to 12 mm in fruit
11. propontica 15 Pedicels 0-4 mm
16 Corolla c. 11 times as long as calyx; flowering stems 30-60 cm, with numerous branches 15. arenaria 16 Corolla 1 j-2 times as long as calyx
17 Flowering stems 10-20 cm, simple or with 1-2 branches; calyx with bright yellow setae when dry
12. bubanii 17 Flowering stems 20-50 cm, usually with at least 2 branches; calyx with pale yellow or brownish setae when dry
18 Upper surface of leaves densely puberulent between setae 13. fastigiata 18 Upper surface of leaves sparsely puberulent between setae 14. vaudensis 1 Stellate setae present, at least on the lower leaves
19 Rays of the stellate setae not more than j as long as the seta on the upper surface of the leaves, not more than J as long on the lower surface
20 Corolla 10-18 mm
21 Lower leaves 1-4 mm wide
22 Caespitose; calyx (8—)9—12 mm in flower 19. helvetica 22 Plant with lax, slender, much-branched stock; calyx 6-8
mm in flower 21. thracica 21 Lower leaves 4-13 mm wide
23 Leaves ± glabrous between setae 17. pseudarenaria 23 Leaves puberulent between setae
24 Corolla 12-15 mm, c. 1 J times as long as calyx 15. arenaria 24 Corolla 15-18 mm, usually 1£—2 times as long as calyx
25 Leaves densely puberulent between setae 13. fastigiata 25 Leaves sparsely puberulent between setae 15. arenaria 20 Corolla 18—25 mm
26 Flowering stems simple or with not more than 4 branches at apex
27 Leaves with mainly simple setae; stellate setae few, with rays c. 0- 1 mm
28 Biennial, with several flowering stems and usually without non-floweringrosettes; upper surface ofleaves densely setose and densely puberulent between setae
. 13. fastigiata 28 Perennial, usually with non-flowering rosettes; upper surface of leaves sparsely setose and sparsely puberulent between setae 14. vaudensis 27 Leaves with mainly stellate setae and few simple setae; stellate setae with rays at least 0-2 mm
29 Lower leaves linear-oblong, 20-25 times as long as wide; corolla 18-20 mm 18. tridentina 29 Lower leaves oblong-spathulate, 10-20 times as long as wide; corolla (18-)20-24 mm 19. helvetica 26 Flowering stems branched, usually with at least 6 branches in the upper half
30 Setae nearly all stellate; anthers 8-10 mm 20. lucana 30 Simple setae numerous, particularly on stem; anthers
5-8 mm
31 Upper surface of leaves glabrous between setae; usually biennial with several flowering stems 16. austriaca 31 Upper surface of leaves sparsely to densely puberulent between setae *
32 Biennial without non-flowering rosettes and usually with several flowering stems; leaves usually densely puberulent between the setae 13. fastigiata 32 Perennial with non-flowering rosettes and usually 1-2 flowering stems; leaves sparsely puberulent between the setae
33 Corolla not more than 19 mm; bracts shorter than calyx 15. arenaria 33 Corolla 20-24 mm; lower bracts equalling or exceeding calyx 14. vaudensis 19 Rays of stellate setae at least J as long as the seta on the upper surface of the leaves, at least J as long on the lower surface
34 Pedicels6 -14mm inflower; corollaglabrous
35 Leaves densely setose; stellate setae with c. 20 rays
31. leptantha 35 Leaves sparsely setose; stellate setae with 3-10 rays
32. stellulata 34 Pedicels0 -6mm inflower
36 Corolla glabrous, but sometimes papillose
37 Lower bracts exceeding calyx
38 Calyx with numerous stellate setae 29. erecta 38 Calyx with mainly simple setae 30. taurica 37 Lower bracts shorter than or about equalling calyx
39 Corolla c. 1 | times as long as calyx; pedicels 4-6 mm in flower 31. leptantha 39 Corolla about twice as long as calyx; pedicels 0-3 mm in flower
40 Lower leaves c. 2 mm wide, narrowly linear; stem and leaves densely appressed-stellate-setose
25. elegantissima 40 Lower leaves 3-7 mm wide, linear-spathulate or linearoblong; stem and leaves ± patent-setose
41 Corolla not papillose; lower and upper leaves not markedly different in size 23. tornensis 41 Corolla densely papillose; lower leaves at least twice as long as upper 27. mattirolii 36 Corolla puberulent
42 Lower bracts exceeding calyx
43 Setae semipatent; lower leaves 3-5 mm wide, oblong- to linear-lanceolate 29. erecta 43 Setae closely appressed; lower leaves 10-18 mm wide, lanceolate 33. spruneri 42 Lower bracts shorter than or about equalling calyx
44 Corolla 10-18 mm
45 Lower leaves 1-3 mm wide, linear, with setae 1-2 mm on lower surface 21. thracica
45 Lower leaves 3-8 mm wide, linear-spathulate to oblong or oblong-spathulate, with setae 0-1 mm
on lower surface
46 Lower leaves linear-spathulate, 7-12 times as long as wide 23. tornensis
46 Lower leaves oblong or oblong-spathulate, 3-6 times as long as wide 26. euboica
44 Corolla 18-30 mm 47 Stellate setae on stem with all rays deflexed; corolla cylindrical at apex and then tapering to the base
22. echioides
47 Stellate setae on stem with rays patent or semipatent; corolla tapering from apex to base
48 Calyx with stellate setae, the seta 1-2 times as long as rays 28. montana
48 Calyx with simple setae, or with stellate setae and the seta at least 5 times as long as rays
49 Lower surface of leaves with the seta at least 3
times as long as rays 19. helvetica
49 Lower surface of leaves with the seta not more than twice as long as rays, sometimes absent
24. heterophylla
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