Primula L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1972, Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiacea to Myoporaceae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 15-16

1. Primula L. 1

Perennial scapigerous herbs with a basal rosette of leaves. Flowers 5-merous, bracteate, in umbels or rarely solitary, usually heterostylous. Calyx campanulate or cylindrical, 5-toothed. Corolla-tube cylindrical, not constricted at throat; limb 5-lobed, infundibuliform or rotate. Stamens included. Stigma capitate. Capsule valvate; seeds numerous. Literature: W. Wright Smith & H. R. Fletcher, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 61: 1 -69 (1943), 631-686 (1948); Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 34: 402-468 (1946). 1 Leaves with revolute vernation, not fleshy, sometimes rugose; calyx angled

2 Leavesdistinctlyfarinose 3 Corolla-tube 2-3 times as long as calyx 7. halleri

3 Corolla-tube 1-11 times as long as calyx

4 Homostylous

5 Corolla 5-8(-10) mm in diameter; stigma ± 5-lobed

8. scotica

5 Corolla 9—12(— 15) mm in diameter; stigma globose

9. scandinavica

4 Heterostylous

6 Calyx campanulate; teeth acute 5. frondosa

6 Calyx cylindrical or urceolate; teeth obtuse, rarely acute

4. farinosa

2 Leavesefarinose 7 Corolla yellow

8 Flowers arising individually from the centre of the leafrosette 1. vulgaris

8 Flowers in an umbel at the apex of a scape

9 Calyx-lobes acuminate; mature capsule equalling or exceeding calyx 2. elatior

9 Calyx-lobes acute; mature capsule shorter than calyx 3. veris

7 Corolla lilac, pink, purple or violet 10 Flowers arising individually from the centre of the leafrosette 1. vulgaris

10 Flowers in an umbel at the apex of a scape

11 Homostylous 12 Corolla 10-15 mm in diameter 5. frondosa 12 Corolla 4-9 mm in diameter 13 Leaves spathulate; lamina tapering gradually into petiole 10. stricta 13 Leaves oblong-ovate to elliptical; lamina ±abruptly contracted into petiole 12. egaliksensis 11 Heterostylous 14 Bracts distinctly auriculate at base 11. nutans 14 Bracts not or only slightly auriculate at base 15 Scapes up to 30 cm, stout; corolla not more than 10 mm in diameter 6. longiscapa 15 Scapes up to 20 cm, slender; corolla usually more than 10 mm in diameter 16 Calyx campanulate; teeth acute 5. frondosa 16 Calyx cylindrical or urceolate; teeth obtuse, rarely acute 4. farinosa 1 Leaves with involute vernation, ±fleshy, not rugose; calyx rounded, not angled 17 Corolla yellow 18 Smaller bracts broadly ovate 28. auricula 18 Smaller bracts lanceolate 24. palinuri 17 Corolla lilac,violet,pink or red 19 Leaves obtriangular; sides entire, apex deeply and narrowly dentate 19. minima 19 Leaves not obtriangular; apex not sharply distinct from the sides 20 Leaf-margin and interior of calyx farinose 26. marginata 20 Leaf-margin and interior of calyx efarinose 21 Leaf-marginglabrous,or glands,if present,minute, subsessile 22 Bracts enveloping the calyx 14. glutinosa 22 Bracts not enveloping the calyx 23 Leaves with minute dots (sunken glands) above 24 Longer leaves lanceolate, not pressed to the ground 13. deorum 24 Longer leaves rhombic-ovate, pressed to the ground 15. spectabilis 23 Leaves without minute dots above 25 Corolla farinose at the throat 27. carniolica 25 Corolla efarinose 26 Umbels mostly 3- to 5-flowered 16. glaucescens 26 Umbels mostly 1 - to 2-flowered 17. wulfeniana 21 Leaf-margin puberulent (strong lens); some glands at least with a distinct, short stalk 27 Tips of hairs mostly blackish or brown 28 At most single hair-tips blackish; shrunken apical cells ± apically depressed 29. hirsuta 28 Many hair-tips blackish; shrunken apical cells ± laterally depressed 29 Leaves mostly 6-12 mm wide; longest pedicels mostly 1 -6 mm 32. daonensis 29 Leaves mostly 9-16 mm wide; longest pedicels mostly 4-15 mm 30 Longest hairs at least 0- 3 mm 33. villosa 30 Longest hairs not more than 0-25 mm 31 Leaves usually subglabrous above 30. pedemontana 31 Leaves puberulent above 31. apennina 27 Tips of hairs colourless or pale 32 Scape usually not more than 5 mm 23. allionii 32 Scape usually more than 5 mm 33 At least half the bracts ± ovate 34 Pedicels not more than 3 mm, much shorter than bracts 22. tyrolensis 34 Pedicels up to 20 mm, usually longer than bracts 35 Corolla violet; umbels at anthesis ±unilateral 25. latifolia 35 Corolla lilac, pink or red; umbels erect 29. hirsuta 33 More than half the bracts linear-lanceolate 36 Leaf-margins ciliate; cilia in some places subappressed or semi-patent 21. integrifolia 36 Leaf-margins puberulent; hairs uniformly patent 37 Leaves suborbicular 22. tyrolensis 37 Leaves obovate to lanceolate

38 Leaves puberulent at margins and above

20. kitaibeliana

38 Leaves densely puberulent at margins, usually

glabrous above 18. clusiana