Antirrhinum L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1972, Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiacea to Myoporaceae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 221-222

10. Antirrhinum L. 1

Dwarf shrubs, or perennial herbs somewhat woody at the base; leaves simple, entire, pinnately veined, usually opposite below and alternate above. Flowers zygomorphic, in terminal, bracteate racemes, or solitary in the leaf-axils. Calyx deeply and more or less equally 5-lobed, shorter than corolla-tube. Corolla glandular-pubescent outside; tube cylindrical, wide, produced abaxially at the base into a short pouch; limb 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed, with at its base a prominent palate which closes the mouth of the tube. Stamens 4, didynamous, included. Stigma capitate. Capsule with 2 unequal loculi, the adaxial longer, narrower above, and opening by a single apical pore, the abaxial shorter, wider above, and with 2 apical pores. Seeds numerous, reticulate-rugose.

The taxonomic difficulties of this genus are due, at least in part, to the fact that hybrids are very easily formed. An original pattern of narrow endemism in the Iberian peninsula has thus become complicated by hybridization with and introgression by a few wider-ranging species, some of them dispersed outside their original range by cultivation for ornament and subsequent naturalization.

Measurements of leaves refer to those near the middle of the stem, and of flowers to the largest on the plant.

Literature: W. Rothmaler, Feddes Repert. (Beih.) 136: 1 -124 (1956).

1 Stem (excluding inflorescence) ± densely covered with

eglandular hairs (rarely with a few glandular hairs as well)

2 Ovaryandcapsuleglabrous (except sometimes for a fewhairs

at apex); lips of corolla widely divergent 1. valentinum

2 Ovary andcapsulehairyallover;lipsofcorolla parallelfor

most of their length, divergent only in apical part

3 Nearlyallthe leavesopposite 2. sempervirens

3 Mostof the upperleavesalternate

4 Hairs on calyx and capsule mostly glandular

5 Calyx-lobes 4-5 mm; corolla 18-25 mm 6. charidemi

5 Calyx-lobes 5-8 mm; corolla 25-35 mm 7. molle

4 Hairs on calyx and capsule mostly eglandular

6 Pedicel usually exceeding subtending leaf; leaves not more than 10 mm; petiole 1-2 mm 5. microphyllum

6 Pedicel usually shorter than subtending leaf; most of the leaves more than 10 mm; petiole 2-6 mm

7 Leaves soft, rounded at apex; corolla 20-25 mm

3. pulverulentum

7 Leaves coriaceous, truncate or slightly emarginate at apex; corolla 17-20 mm 4. pertegasii

1 Stem (excluding inflorescence) glabrous or glandular-hairy 8 Leaves glabrous (except sometimes for a few hairs on the petiole)

9 Corolla 17-30 mm 10 Corolla pink, except for yellow palate 13. barellieri

10 Corolla yellow

11 Leaves 8-30 mm wide, ovate to elliptical 10. meonanthum

11 Leaves not more than 6 mm wide, linear to linear-oblong

12. siculum

9 Corolla 30-48 mm 12 Bracts linear-lanceolate, exceeding flower-buds; calyx-

lobes acute 11. braun-blanquetii

12 Bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, not exceeding flower-

buds; calyx-lobes obtuse

13 Leaves more than 3 times as long as wide 17. majus

13 Leaves 1 J-3 times as long as wide

14 Leaves obtuse, ± truncate at base; corolla pale yellow;

capsule 13—17 mm 16. latifolium

14 Leaves subacute, ± cuneate at base; corolla purplish-

pink; capsule 10-14 mm 17. majus

8 Leaves glandular-hairy (sometimes only sparsely) 15 Corolla white, purple or pink, except for yellow palate 16 Upper leaves often opposite or whorled; corolla 35-45 mm

15. australe

16 Upper leaves alternate; corolla 20-32 mm

17 Stems ascending or decumbent; corolla 20-25 mm

9. hispanicum

17 Stems usually ± erect; corolla 25-32 mm 14. graniticum

15 Corolla yellow 18 Capsule 7-10 mm

19 Stems decumbent; corolla 30-35 mm 8. grosii

19 Stems erect; corolla 18-25 mm 10. meonanthum

18 Capsule 13-17 mm

20 Leaves linear-oblong to elliptical; calyx-lobes ovate-

lanceolate, acute; bracts exceeding flower-buds

11. braun-blanquetii

20 Leaves broadly ovate; calyx-lobes broadly ovate, obtuse;

bracts not exceeding flower-buds 16. latifolium