Dracocephalum L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1972, Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiacea to Myoporaceae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 161

20. Dracocephalum L. 2

Annual or perennial herbs or dwarf shrubs, rarely rhizomatous. Verticillasters in spikes. Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, 15-veined, more or less 2-lipped; upper lip 3-toothed, the middle tooth larger than the others. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip 2-lobed, emarginate; lower lip 3-lobed with the middle lobe larger than the others, emarginate; tube narrow at the base, widening at the throat. Stamens equalling or rarely exceeding the corolla and curved under the upper lip. Style-branches equal.

All European species grow mainly in dry, more or less open habitats, and tend to become naturalized as weeds or ruderals outside their native territory. Many of them are cultivated for ornament, as honey-plants or as medicinal plants.

Lallemantia iberica (Bieb.) Fischer & C. A. Meyer , Ind. Sem. Horti. Petrop. 6: 53 (1840), from the Caucasian region, is culti­

vated for ornament and may be locally naturalized in E. & E.C. Europe. It is characterized by 2 longitudinal folds within the upper lip of the corolla, in which the stamens are concealed.

1 Corolla not more than 15 mm, only slightly exserted from the calyx-tube 2. thymiflorum

1 Corolla at least 17 mm, distinctly exserted from the calyx-tube

2 Leaves pinnatipartite; corolla 35-50 mm 4. austriacum

2 Leaves simple, entire or crenate; corolla 17-28 mm

3 Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire; anthers hairy 3. ruyschiana

3 Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, crenate or serrate-crenate; anthers glabrous

4 Rhizomatous perennial; basal and lower cauline leaves ovate, cordate at base 1. nutans

4 Annual; basal and lower cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, cuneate at base 5. moldavica