Galeopsis L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1972, Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiacea to Myoporaceae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 145-146

10. Galeopsis L. 1

Annuals. Verticillasters dense, the uppermost crowded, the lower distant; bracteoles subulate, pungent. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-toothed, the teeth spinose. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped; upper lip hooded; lower lip 3-lobed, with two bluntly conical protuberances at the base; tube about equalling to much exceeding the calyx, with a ring of hairs inside. Anther-cells fimbriate. Nutlets bluntly trigonous, rounded at apex.

A. Miintzing has studied the genetics of the genus intensively; natural hybrids have been reported between spp. 6-9, and artificial hybrids have been produced between most species in the genus.

All species grow in open habitats such as cultivated fields, roadsides, seashores, river-gravels, clearings in woodland, etc.

Literature: J. Briquet, Mém. Cour. Acad. Roy. Sei. Belg. 52(9): 1-323 (1893). O. M. Gritsenko et al., Ukr. Bot. Zur. 27: 241-248 (1970). J. T. Henrard, Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1918: 158-188 (1919). A. Müntzing, Hereditas 10: 241-260 (1928); 13: 185-341 (1930); 16: 73-154 (1932). C. C. Townsend, Watsonia 5: 143-149 (1962). Z. Slavikovâ, Act. Univ. Carol. (Biol.) 1963: 255-263 (1963); Nov. Bot. Horti Bot. Reg. Univ. Carol. Prag. 1963: 39^13 (1963).

1 Plant with rigid, often yellowish, hairs; stem swollen at the nodes when fresh 2 Stemwith± denseappressedhairsonall4 sides;calyxwith setae confined to the teeth and sinuses 7. pubescens 2 Stemwithout appressedhairsor withhairsonlyonopposite sides; calyx-tube with setae at least on the ribs

3 Corolla (22-)27-34 mm, pale yellow, usually with large purple blotch on the lower lip 6. speciosa 3 Corolla 15-20(-28) mm, pink (rarely white or pale yellow)

with darker markings

4 Corolla with the middle lobe of the lower lip broad and

flat, entire 8. tetrahit 4 Corolla with the middle lobe of the lower lip narrower, convex with the margins ± deflexed, distinctly emarginate

9. bifida 1 Plant lacking rigid hairs; stem not swollen at the nodes

5 Leavesand calyxdenselyand softlysericeous;bracteolesofthe lower verticillasters usually shorter than the calyx-tube

6 Corolla usually pale yellow, rarely pink with purple blotches; leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, attenuate into the petiole, subacute to acute 1. segetum 6 Corolla purple; leaves broadly ovate, truncate to subcordate

at the base, obtuse 2. pyrenaica 5 Leavesandcalyx pubescentto subglabrous,neversericeous; outer bracteoles of the lower verticillasters usually exceeding

the calyx-tube

7 Stem subterete, pruinose, especially near the nodes, usually glabrous below the middle 5. reuteri 7 Stem quadrangular, not pruinose, hairy almost to the base

8 Calyx green, with patent, translucent, smooth or finely punctate hairs; leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate

3. ladanum 8 Calyx whitish, with closely appressed, opaque and ± densely

papillose hairs and sometimes also with patent hairs;

leaves linear to lanceolate (rarely ovate) 4. angustifolia