Symphytum asperum, Lepechin

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1972, Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiacea to Myoporaceae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 104

2. S. asperum Lepechin , Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Petrop. 14: 442(1805).

Stock vertical. Stem up to 180 cm, branched, aculeolate and with scattered hairs. Leaves ovate to oblong, cuneate to rounded or subcordate at base, petiolate or the uppermost sessile, not decurrent and not amplexicaul, densely setose and aculeolate at least on the mid-vein beneath. Calyx 3-5 mm, lobed to c. f - f, the lobes rounded. Corolla 11-17 mm, pink at first, turning blue. Scales Ungulate, slightly widened at the base; marginal papillae dense, narrowly cylindric-conical. Stamens with connective not projecting beyond thecae; filament narrower than and about as long as anther. Nutlets reticulate-rugose and finely verrucose. Formerly cultivated fo r fodder, and naturalized in several parts o f Europe. [Au Be Br Da Fe Ga He No Rs (B, C, W) Su.] (S.W.A sia.)