Lappula Gilib.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1972, Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiacea to Myoporaceae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 117

31. Lappula Gilib. 1

( Echinospermum Swartz ex Lehm. ; inch Hackelia Opiz , Heterocaryum A. DC. )

Usually annual or biennial herbs. Flowers in bracteate, terminal, often branched cymes. Calyx lobed almost to the base, accrescent. Corolla blue or white, with short tube and infundibuliform to almost rotate limb, with 5 short scales in the throat. Stamens included, variously inserted. Style included; stigma capitate. Nutlets ovoid-trigonous to oblong and flattened, with 1-3 rows of cylindrical, conical or flattened spines or giochidia on the sides, sometimes also on the back, attached to receptacle for usually only part of their length on the margin.

Literature: A. Brand in Engler, Pflanzenreich 97(IV. 252): 95-155 (1931).

1 Pedicels deflexed in fruit 1. deflexa 1 Pedicels erect or erecto-patent in fruit

2 Nutlets convex on upper surface, with unbarbed spines

2. spinocarpos 2 Nutlets flat on upper surface, with giochidia

3 Nutlets oblong, attached to receptacle by their whole length

3. echinophora 3 Nutlets ovoid-trigonous, attached to receptacle by only part of their length

4 Nutlets with 1 row of giochidia 4. marginata 4 Nutlets with 2-3 rows of giochidia for at least part of their length

5 Plant usually green, with sparse, erecto-patent or patent as well as appressed hairs; limb of corolla 2-4 mm in diameter 5. squarrosa 5 Plant grey, with dense, appressed hairs; limb of corolla (3—)5—8 mm in diameter 6. barbata