Odontites verna subsp. verna

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1972, Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiacea to Myoporaceae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 268

(a) Subsp. verna :

Stem 10-30 cm; lower internodes shorter than or equalling leaves. Branches fairly short, straight, suberect, the uppermost not more than 2 nodes below the terminal inflorescence. Leaves crenate to serrate, widest at the base. Bracts 10-15(-20) mm. Early-flowering. 2« = 40. • N. & C. Europe, eastwards to N.W. Russia, and extending southwards in the mountains to N. Portugal, C. Italy and N. Greece.

Small plants from coastal regions of N.W. Europe, similar to (a) but late-flowering and with very short lower internodes, and thus transitional to (c), have been distinguished as subsp. puntila (Nordstedt) A. Pedersen , Bot. Tidsskr. 58: 291 (1963).