Saliana Evans, 1955

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A. & Grishin, Nick V., 2019, Changes to North American butterfly names, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2), pp. 1-12 : 7

Saliana Evans, 1955 is a junior subjective synonym of Calpodes Hübner, [1819]

Monotypic genus Calpodes Hübner, [1819] (type species Papilio ethlius Stoll, 1782 ) is genetically close to Saliana Evans, 1955 (type species Papilio salius Cramer, 1775 ) ( Fig. 10 ) and their type species differ by only about 6.5% in COI barcodes. Moreover, Calpodes + Saliana clade experienced rapid radiation over a short period of time and, as a result, the tree looks more like a comb than a bi-branching structure ( Fig. 10 ). It is not clear whether Saliana is monophyletic: 64% bootstrap in the nuclear genome tree suggests that it is not, and that Saliana fusta Evans, 1955 is sister to the rest of Saliana + Calpodes . Due to rapid radiation, this genus is difficult to partition into meaningful subgenera, because no clear clusters of species are apparent in the tree ( Fig. 10 ). For all these reasons, we propose that Saliana is a junior subjective synonym of Calpodes , new status. Interestingly, C. ethlius diverged strongly in wing shapes and patterns from all other members of the genus (although their male genitalia are similar) and this new synonymy is unexpected. Therefore, we tested the results using multiple specimens of C. ethlius (7 shown in Fig. 10 ) and they all cluster together, within former Saliana . The newly expanded Calpodes is a strongly supported (bootstrap 100%) and prominent (long tree branch is leading to it) genus.

Figures

Fig. 10. Calpodes and Saliana.