Anoura carishina, Mantilla-Meluk & Baker, 2010

Hugo Mantilla-Meluk & Robert J. Baker, 2010, New Species of Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Colombia, with Systematic Remarks and Notes on the Distribution of the A. geoffroyi Complex, Occasional Papers of the Museum 292, pp. 1-22 : 10-16

publication ID

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15777715

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15777719

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BFC50C-FF83-F53B-2ADE-E68FF2FDB718

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Anoura carishina
status

sp. nov.

Anoura carishina View in CoL sp. nov.

Holotype.—Adult male ICN 14530 from Taminango , corregimiento de Remolino , department of Nariño, collected by A. Albesiano, C. Ariza, J. Alvarez, and H. Mantilla-Meluk (in the field notes the holotype of A. carishina was identified with group field collection number 21). The holotype, preserved as a skin-and-skull voucher specimen in excellent condition ( Figs. 3 View Figure 3 and 4 View Figure 4 ) ( Table 3 View Table 3 ), was collected on 5 December 1996.

Paratypes.—The type series consists of four individuals prepared as skin-and-skull voucher specimens as follows: an adult female ( ICN 14531 ), collected by A. Albesiano, C. Ariza, J. Alvarez, and H. Mantilla-Meluk (collectors number 36) on 9 December 1996 at the type locality; an adult male ( ICN 5224 ) collected at San Pedro de La Sierra , finca Tierra Grata , department of Magdalena, Colombia (10˚54′06″N, 74˚02′00″W) at 1320 m, on 26 May 1976 by A. Cadena García (collector number ACG 1147); GoogleMaps an adult female ( ICN 5225 ) from the same locality collected at 1320 m by A. Cadena García, M. Romer, and B. Moreno (without an assigned field number and date); and an adult male ( ICN 5938 ) from Pance, department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia (3˚19′42″N, 76˚38′19″W), collected at 1200 m, on 5 February 1947 by M. Thomas (collector number 3299) ( Fig. 5 View Figure 5 , Table 3 View Table 3 ) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis.—The new form can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the following characteristics: small skull ( GLS <24.5 mm); presence of complete fragile zygomatic arches (sometimes broken); small canines; P4 massive with a triangular base; paracone poorly developed on the first upper molar; large, wide, and squared upper molars, with a well-developed hypoconal basin; and rostrum wide in its base at the area between M3 and the P4, which is particularly noticeable from a dorsal view ( Fig. 6 View Figure 6 ). Externally, A. carishina can be distinguished from other species in the A. geoffroyi complex by relatively short lateral vibrissae ( VL <7.0 mm); reduced thumb ( TL <5.24 mm); and absence of tail.

Description.— Anoura carishina is among the smallest representative of the A. geoffroyi complex, best indicated by cranial measurements, including GLS, CBL, and PAL ( Table 2 View Table 2 ) and its shorter thumb size ( TL <5.24 mm). General coloration is cinnamon-brown ( Ridgway 1912) resembling that of A. g. geoffroyi . The dorsal and ventral pelage typically is long and bicolored. Individual hairs are basally white for two thirds of the length of the hair and cinnamon-brown ( Ridgway 1912) on their distal edge. Ears and membranes average paler than in A. g. geoffroyi . Although all specimens included in this work correspond to dry skins likely to have modifications in some of the external characters, mystacial vibrissae in A. carishina appeared to be shorter than in other representatives of the A. geoffroyi complex, and the uroptagium was clearly more developed in the holotype and specimens in the type series of A. carishina when compared with A. g. peruana specimens ( UW >3.5). Uropatagium of A. carishina is hairy on both ventral and dorsal surfaces, with a well-developed whorl of hairs on the edge.

Skull, mandible, and teeth are similar to those of A. geoffroyi , but the rostrum is shorter and the braincase is more globoid, particularly in males; the zygomata is complete, but thin and sometimes broken; the canines are small, not projected laterally, and are almost parallel to the tooth row; the posterolateral edges of the palate are pointed; the P3 and P4 are relatively wide in comparison to those in A. geoffroyi , A. lasiopyga , and A. g. peruana ; the new species has a reduced, thick, and shorter anterobasal cusp on the P4, while the medial internal cusp of the P4 is enlarged, rendering the basal outline of the tooth to be approximately triangular; the molars are thick and squared, with a wide hypoconal basin; the posterior portion of the rostrum is wide; and the maxillae are slightly projected laterally, making them visible from a dorsal view.

Type locality.—The holotype was collected in Taminango, corregimiento de Remolino , department of Nariño. This area of Taminango is part of the xerophitic enclave of the Patía River, where local arid conditions are the results of a rain-shadow effect created by the transversal position of the Patía depression. The Patía region is located in southwestern Colombia between the Western and Central Cordilleras ( Fig. 7 View Figure 7 ), in the upper Patía River basin , Department of Nariño, Colombia (1˚34′23″N, 77˚16′59″W). The average annual temperature is 25.2˚C, and the average relative humidity is 79%. The annual average precipitation is 809.3 mm distributed in a bimodal-tetraseasonal pattern. Rainfall is greatest between March and May, and between October and December. In this zone, the shrubs Lippia origanoides , Lantana canescens , and Senna pallida , and the cacti Stenocereus griseus , Pilosocereus sp. , and Opuntia dillenii are abundant. Pollen of S. griseus , Pilosocereus sp. , and O. dillenii was found on the fur of two nectarivorous bats captured in the area ( A. carishina and Choeroniscus godmani ). Other bat species found locally included Artibeus jamaicensis , Carollia perspicillata , Phyllostomus discolor , P. hastatus , Micronycteris megalotis , Desmodus rotundus , Sturnira erythromos , S. lilium , Enchistenes hartii , and Chiroderma salvini .

Distribution.— Anoura carishina is widely distributed in Colombia from the department of Nariño on the border with Ecuador to the piedmonts of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in the department of Magdalena in the Colombian Caribbean. There is no evidence of A. carishina on the eastern versant of the Eastern Cordillera in the Colombian Andes. Based on the wide variety of ecosystems included in the distribution of A. carishina , it is probable that this taxon may extend its distribution along the Andes southward into Ecuador ( Fig. 7 View Figure 7 ).

Comparisons.— Anoura carishina is sympatric at sampling localities with three other recognized taxa in Anoura ( A. cadenai , A. cultrata , and A. g. peruana ). The new species is easily distinguished from A. cadenai by the triangular shape of P4 (in contrast with the laterally compressed P4 of A. cadenai ) and the absence of a well-developed paracone (eocone) on M1, which is always well-developed in all species within the A. caudifer complex ( A. aequatoris , A. cadenai , A. caudifer , A. fistulata , and A. luismanueli ) ( Fig. 8 View Figure 8 ). Anoura carishina lacks the robust and knife-shaped canines as well as the blade-shaped lower first premolar of A. cultrata . Anoura carishina also is found near localities where A. g. peruana is present in the elevations of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, although the two taxa occur at different altitudes. Anoura carishina is easily distinguished from A. g. peruana by its paler color ( Ridgway 1912), smaller size ( Table 2 View Table 2 ), shallow notch on the posterior edge of the palatal bones (sometimes erroneously called fossa mesopterigoydea), smaller thumb, shorter lateral vibrissae, and relatively large uropatagium; these characteristics along with the complete zygomata and the longer hair, also differentiate A. carishina from A. lasiopyga . Traits separating A. carishina from A. lasiopyga also apply to distinguish it from A. latidens .

Etymology.— Anoura carishina takes its name from the Quichua word “carishina ” which means “woman who resembles a man” (Cordero 2003). Carishina in the Inca culture is a male character who wears female clothes as a costume in festivities. We consider the Quichua word carishina appropriate to highlight the following significant aspects of the new species: 1) its geographic origin - the A. carishina holotype was collected in the Andes of southern Colombia originally inhabited by ethnic groups that speak Quichua; and 2) its smaller size with respect to other species within the A. geoffroyi complex and lower degree of sexual dimorphism. We chose this name as a tribute to the senior author’s father who has dedicated his life to the study of the Inca culture, and to our colleagues who have been dedicating their efforts to the understanding of the Andean mammalian chiropterofauna, particularly Alfred L. Gardner, Bruce D. Patterson, Victor Pacheco, René M. Fonseca, Luis Albuja, Luis Fernando Aguirre, Paúl Velazco, and Sergio Solari.

This work would not be possible without the many efforts of collectors who generously have enriched scientific collections through the years, providing in this way the evidence that feeds the always healthy scientific discussion. Through our work we would like to encourage the community of scientists interested in this fascinating group of organisms to validate the museological work by contributing with specimens that would be a valuable asset to present and coming generations of mammalogists.

TL

Université Paul Sabatier

UW

University of Washington Fish Collection

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Mammalia

Order

Chiroptera

Family

Phyllostomidae

Genus

Anoura

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