Parahypatropis Grazia and Fernandes, 1996

Barros, Lurdiana Dayse de, Brugnera, Ricardo, Barão, Kim Ribeiro & Grazia, Jocelia, 2020, The genus Parahypatropis Grazia & amp; Fernandes, with description of two new species and description of a new similar monotypic genus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 54 (15 - 16), pp. 1045-1071 : 1048-1054

Parahypatropis Grazia and Fernandes, 1996

Parahypatropis Grazia and Fernandes, 1996: 353–356 , figs 1–9; Barão et al. 2017: 1–10, fig. 5( I).

Type species. Parahypatropis sinuata ( Stål, 1872) , by monotypy.

Redescription. Body elongated. Head. Wider than long, rounded apically ( Figures 1 (a), 2 (a), 4(a), 9(a)). Mandibular plates subequal to clypeus in length and obtuse apically; lateral margins of mandibular plates sinuous. Clypeus obtuse apically, lower than mandibular plates in lateral view; clypeal suture beginning before an imaginary line crossing anterior margin of eyes. Anteocular process absent. Antenniferous tubercles visible in dorsal view, with an obtuse process laterally. Antennomere I not reaching apex of head; antennomere II smaller than or subequal to I, visible; antennomere III cylindrical, convex dorsally; antennomere IV conical, slightly flattened dorsally. Bucculae tapering towards base of head, not reaching its base. Apex of labium reaching metacoxae, but not surpassing abdominal segment III; labial length and length of each labial segment variable in each species; first labial segment between bucculae; segment II slightly flattened laterally and smaller than III and IV combined; segments III and IV entirely cylindrical, robust. Thorax. Pronotum trapezoidal ( Figures 1 (a), 2(a), 4(a), 9(a)). Anterolateral margins of pronotum flat, punctuated, not reflected, serrated and concave. Humeral angles of pronotum obsolete. Posterior margin of pronotum rectilinear. Scutellum longer than wide ( Figures 1 (a), 2(a), 4(a), 9(a)). Basal angles of scutellum foveate; foveae smaller than the diameter of eye. Wings. Hemelytral corium longer than scutellum, surpassing apex of abdominal segment V; apex of radial vein calloused; veins of membrane linear. Mesosternal carina elevated, smooth. Metasternum flat. Legs. Legs not concolorous to pleurites and sternites, with dark spots. Distance between procoxae and mesocoxae twice the distance between mesocoxae and metacoxae. Length of femora and tibiae subequal. Unarmed femora. Tarsi 3-segmented. External scent efferent system ( Figure 5 (a ‒ d)): ostiole elliptical ( Figure 5 (d)), opening lateroposteriorly; periostiolar depression present ( Figure 5 (d)). Peritreme spout occupying about 1/3 of evaporatorium; median furrow of peritreme long, occupying more than half of peritreme ( Figure 5 (d)). Evaporatorium punctuated, occupying more than half of meso- and metapleuron. Metathoracic spiracle narrow ( Figure 5 (b)). Anterolateral margin of evaporatorium rounded. Extension of evaporatorium on mesopleuron surpassing anterior limit of mesocoxal suture ( Figure 5 (b)) and reaching anterior and posterior lateral angles and outer margin of metapleural ( Figure 5 (c)). Abdomen. Connexivum punctuated, posterolateral angles protruding from sternite edge. Surface of abdominal sternites not grooved medially; sternites with an imaginary line tangential to the spiracles separating the trichobothria, one internal and another external to the line, spiracle II not visible; Mesial area adjacent to spiracles with yellowish callus. Male genitalia. Genital cup broad, open dorsally. Ventral rim forming two layers, the inferior and superior layers of ventral rim not separated by a carina; area between layers levelled. Superior layer of ventral rim projected towards genital cup, developed laterally to segment X; projection of superior layer not covering parameres. Segment X not carinated, with processes. Parameres reduced ( Figures 6 (a ‒ f), 10(a ‒ f)). Female genitalia. Gonocoxites VIII convex; mesial margins of gonocoxites VIII juxtaposed, covering gonapophyses VIII. Laterotergites VIII lacking spiracles. Gonocoxites IX oblique, in an obtuse angle, relative to the position of segment X. Laterotergites IX surpassing tergite VIII, dorsally ( Figures 1 (c), 3(a ‒ d), 8(a ‒ d)).

Distribution. South America: Brazil (São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul) and Argentina (Corrientes) ( Figure 18).

Comments. Grazia and Fernandes (1996) related Parahypatropis to Hypatropis Bergroth, 1891 , Pedinonotus Fernandes and Grazia, 2002 , and Amauromelpia Fernandes and Grazia, 1998 , based on the mandibular plates higher than the clypeus in lateral view; labial segment I thin and contained between bucculae; anterolateral margins of pronotum distinctly serrated, and sternites with an imaginary line tangential to the spiracles separating the trichobothria, one internal and another external to that line. However, the parameres are present and reduced in Parahypatropis and Pedinonotus . Similarly, anterolateral margins of the pronotum are concave, genital cup of pygophore opens dorsally, and gonocoxites IX are oblique, at a obtuse angle, relative to the position of segment X in Parahypatropis , whereas in Hypatropis , Pedinonotus and Amauromelpia anterolateral margins are straight, genital cup of pygophore opens dorsoposteriorly, and gonocoxites IX are levelled to the position of segment X. Differences between P. occultata and P. similis are mainly in body size and morphology of the male genitalia.

Key to species of Parahypatropis Grazia and Fernandes, 1996

1 Labium surpassing metacoxae; legs concolour to ventral colour ( Figure 2 (b ‒ c))..................................................... ......................... Parahypatropis sinuata

1 ʹ Labium not surpassing metacoxae, legs not concolour to ventral colour.............................................................................................................. 2

2 Connexivum exposed. Hemelytral membrane, in males, reaching apex of abdominal segment VII ( Figure 4 (a)). Anterolateral angles of sternites not concolour to discal colour. Colouration pattern of sublateral margin of sternites concolour to discal colour ( Figure 4 (c)). Ventral rim of pygophore concave; apical and basal regions of segment X equally wide ( Figures 6 (a ‒ b), 12(a ‒ d))............................................................................................................................ Parahypatropis occultata sp. nov.

2 ʹ Connexivum concealed by hemelytra. Hemelytral membrane, in males, surpassing apex of abdominal segment VII ( Figure 9 (a)). Anterolateral angles of sternites concolour to discal colour. Colouration pattern of sublateral margin of sternites not concolour to discal colour ( Figure 9 (c)). Ventral rim of pygophore V-shaped; apical portion of segment X narrower than basal region ( Figures 10 (a ‒ b), 12(e ‒ h)).................................................................................................. Parahypatropis similis sp. nov.