Scyphostelma harlingii (Morillo) Liede & Meve

Pineda, Yam M., Keller, Héctor A., Balderrama-Torrico, José A., Meve, Ulrich, Nürk, Nicolai M. & Liede-Schumann, Sigrid, 2023, Phylogenetics in Scyphostelma (Apocynaceae: Orthosiinae) and description of new species, Willdenowia 53, pp. 83-112 : 94

4. Scyphostelma harlingii (Morillo) Liede & Meve in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99: 70. 1999

≡ Cynanchum harlingii Morillo in Ernstia, n.s., 2(3–4): 62. 1992 ≡ Blepharodon harlingii (Morillo) Liede & Meve in Novon 11: 173. 2001.

– Holotype: Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, above Valladolid , on road to Yangana , mountain rainforest , 2300 m, 1 Feb 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 21422 ( GB!) . – Fig. 1 , 3 , 8 .

Morphological description — Twining plants, to 3 m tall; stems moderately or densely pubescent with appressed trichomes; internodes of long shoots 30–68 × 1.4–2 mm, internodes of short shoots 15–27 × 1–1.4 mm. Leaves: petiole 4–19 mm long, moderately or densely puberulent with appressed trichomes; lamina ovate to oblong-ovate, 30–70 × 7–27 mm, base truncate or subcordate, apex long acuminate; both surfaces sparsely puberulent, usually with appressed trichomes, usually with densely appressed puberulent lateral veins, adaxial surface with 2 or 3 conic colleters at base; venation brochidodromous with 6–8 pairs of secondary veins. Inflorescences subaxillary, with 3–6 flowers per cyme, most in simultaneous anthesis; peduncle filiform, 15–48 mm long, puberulent with erect or retrorse trichomes; bracts ovate, 0.4–0.7 × 0.2–0.4 mm long, densely ciliate. Flowers: pedicel filiform, 14–24 × c. 0.5 mm, glabrous; calyx lobes narrowly ovate, 1.2–1.3 × 0.8–0.85 mm, glabrous; corolla rose to bright pinkish (or brownish purple when dry), central parts often whitish, 6–12 mm in diam., tube c. 1 mm long, free lobes narrowly ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 2.5–6 × 1.8–2.3 mm, expanded to reflexed, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely and shortly puberulent with appressed to spreading, verrucose trichomes on upper half, apex narrowly obtuse. Gynostegial corona whitish (occasionally with rose tinge), 2–2.5 mm in diam., staminal corona lobes connate to stipe, semi-ovate in outline, concave at front, obtuse at apex, c. 1 × 0.8 mm; gynostegium stipitate, c. 1.7 × 2 mm, stipe 0.8–0.9 mm long; anthers broadly rectangular, erect, slightly bulging, c. 0.8 × 1 mm, guide rails c. 0.8 mm long, anther appendages broadly kidneyshaped, c. 0.3 × 0.75 mm, translucent, adpressed to style head; style head flattened convex, c. 1.5 mm in diam. Pollinarium: corpusculum narrowly ovoid, 0.2–0.5 × 0.08– 0.2 mm; caudicles sigmoid, 0.2–0.3 mm long; pollinia suboblong-elliptic, 0.5–0.55 × c. 0.15 mm. Follicles and seeds not seen. (Description modified and supplemented from Morillo 1992: 62–63.)

Phenology — Found with flowers from October to March.

Distribution and ecology — Scyphostelma harlingii was previously known ( Liede-Schumann & Meve 2013) from southern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) and central Peru (Huánuco). Here, a southward extension into the Pasco region of Peru is reported. The species inhabits montane rainforest or subtropical forest, near streams, at altitudes between 2300–2750 m.

Additional specimens — ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe, Est. Cient. San Francisco, Quebrada Milagro, 4 Oct 2000, S. Liede & U. Meve 3460 (UBT); same locality, 18 Dec 2001, D. Wolff 167 (UBT); same locality, 2300 m, 28 Jan 2001, D. Wolff 57 (UBT); along T4, 03°58'18''S, 79°04'44''W, 23 Feb 2000, S. Matezki & J. Homeier 174 (UBT). — PERU: Húanuco, Húanuco, Carpish, 2700–2750 m, 11 Nov 1964, R. Ferreyra 16159 (USM); Pasco, Oxapampa, 10°17'19''S, 75°31'06''W, 1760 m, 3 Feb 2009 (fl.), R. Vásquez & al. 35067 (HOXA!, HUT!, MO!, USM!).

Figures

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Orthosiinae based on six cpDNA markers (see text), highlighting the position of the Scyphostelma harlingii clade. The remaining genera of Orthosiinae, Jobinia, Monsanima and Orthosia, with a sampling identical to Liede- Schumann & Meve (2013), are summarized by triangles, and so is the remainder of Scyphostelma. Numbers on branches indicate Bootstrap percentages / posterior probabilities. The root of the tree is that of Liede-Schumann & Meve (2013).

Fig. 3. Distribution map of Scyphostelma bolivianum (diamonds), S. erikseniae (circles), S. gra- cile (stars), S. harlingii (upright triangles), S. rotorum (square) and S. solomonii (inverted trian- gle). – Map created in QGIS (QGIS Development Team 2009).

Fig. 8. Scyphostelma harlingii – A: plant with inflorescences; B: flower. – From R. Vásquez & al. 35067 (USM). – Scale bars:A = 2 cm; B = 5 mm. – Photographs by R. Vásquez.