Doliocarpus, Rolander, 1756

Monzoli, João Victor Longhi, Aymard, Gerardo, Araújo, Michelly De Deus Felipe, Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De & Sampaio, Daniela, 2025, Doliocarpus stehmannii (Doliocarpoideae, Dilleniaceae): a new species of water vine from Brazil, Phytotaxa 705 (2), pp. 193-202 : 199-200

Key to species of Doliocarpus in Brazil

1. Leaves with domatia in the axils of secondary veins .........................................................................................................................2

- Leaves without domatia......................................................................................................................................................................6

2. Leaves (sub)sessile, petiole ≤ 3 mm long..................................................................................................... Doliocarpus elliptifolius

- Leaves petiolate, petioles> 3 mm long..............................................................................................................................................3

3. Leaves adaxially glossy when dry; inflorescences racemose,> 2 cm long.......................................... Doliocarpus novogranatensis

- Leaves adaxially dull when dry; inflorescences botryoid, ≤ 2 cm long .............................................................................................4

4. Leaves with margin entire; fruits vinaceous; Atlantic Forest domain ........................................................... Doliocarpus glomeratus

- Leaves with margin crenate or dentate on the upper 1/2 or 1/3; fruits red; Amazon or Cerrado domain ..........................................5

5. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous, petioles 4–8 × ca. 1 mm; Amazon domain ............................. Doliocarpus brevipedicellatus

- Leaves coriaceous, petioles 7–10 × ca. 3 mm; Cerrado domain .................................................................... Doliocarpus hilarianus

6. Ovary glabrous ...................................................................................................................................................................................7

- Ovary hairy.......................................................................................................................................................................................19

7. Inflorescences fasciculate...................................................................................................................................................................8

- Inflorescences racemose, botryoid or reduced to a single flower ....................................................................................................10

8. Peduncles <5 mm long when fruiting................................................................................................................. Doliocarpus validus

- Peduncles ≥ 5 mm long when fruiting................................................................................................................................................9

9. Leaves spatulate, the margin revolute ......................................................................................................... Doliocarpus spatulifolius

- Leaves elliptic, obovate or ovate, the margin plane .......................................................................................... Doliocarpus dentatus

10. Leaves conduplicate .......................................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus spraguei

- Leaves plane or nearly so .................................................................................................................................................................11

11. Leaves with brochidodromous or camptodromous venation............................................................................................................12

- Leaves with craspedodromous venation...........................................................................................................................................16

12. Leaves spatulate, with brochidodromous venation ............................................................................................ Doliocarpus gracilis

- Leaves obovate or elliptic, with camptodromous venation..............................................................................................................13

13. Inflorescences> 2 cm long............................................................................................................................. Doliocarpus guianensis

- Inflorescences ≤ 2 cm long...............................................................................................................................................................14

14. Leaves sparsely sericeous along midrib abaxially, tertiary veins perpendicular percurrent; forested areas ........................................ ................................................................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus heterophyllus

- Leaves glabrous abaxially, tertiary veins irregular reticulate or obtuse percurrent; open areas.......................................................15

15. Leaves adaxially dull when dry, tertiary veins irregular reticulate; flowers with peduncles> 3 mm long; Cerrado domain, campos rupestres ............................................................................................................................................................. Doliocarpus elegans

- Leaves adaxially glossy when dry, tertiary veins obtuse percurrent; flowers with peduncles ≤ 3 mm long; Amazon domain, campinarana .................................................................................................................................................. Doliocarpus sagotianus

16. Branchlets, petioles and midrib covered by dense lanate and velutinous indument; fruits vinaceous.......... Doliocarpus stehmannii

- Branchlets, petioles and midrib covered by pubescent, tomentose, or hirsute indument; fruits red................................................17

17. Branchlets, petioles and midrib covered by hirsute indument; blades <15 cm long, the upper 1/3 serrulate; sepals patent when fruiting; Atlantic Forest domain ..................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus serrulatus

- Branchlets, petioles and midrib covered by pubescent or tomentose indument; blades ≥ 15 cm long, the upper 1/3 dentate or serrate; sepals appressed when fruiting; Amazon domain................................................................................................................18

18. Branchlets, petioles and midrib covered by white pubescent to glabrescent indument, leaves with shiny blades when dry .............. ...................................................................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus amazonicus

- Branchlets, petioles andmidrib covered by densely ferrugineuos-tomentose indument, leaves with dull blades when dry................ ........................................................................................................................................................................ Doliocarpus duckeanus

19. Venation brochidodromous...............................................................................................................................................................20

- Venation camptodromous or craspedodromous................................................................................................................................21

20. Leaves spatulate; Amazon domain .................................................................................................................. Doliocarpus paraensis

- Leaves elliptic or obovate; Atlantic Forest domain...................................................................................... Doliocarpus sellowianus

21. Inflorescences fasciculate.................................................................................................................................................................22

- Inflorescences racemose, botryoid or reduced to a single flower ....................................................................................................24

22. Petioles <7 mm long............................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus humboldtianus

- Petioles ≥ 7 mm long........................................................................................................................................................................23

23. Leaves sparsely sericeous abaxially, acumen ≥ 5 cm long; flowers with tomentose pedicel........................ Doliocarpus dasyanthus

- Leaves tomentose abaxially, velutinous, acumen <5 cm long; flowers with hispidulous pedicel ................... Doliocarpus kubitzkii

24. Inflorescences ≥ 5 mm long .............................................................................................................................................................25

- Inflorescences <5 mm long .............................................................................................................................................................29

25. Petioles and midrib hispid ..................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus hispidobaccatus

- Petioles and midrib glabrous or sericeous ........................................................................................................................................26

26. Branchlets cylindrical; leaves (sub)coriaceous; Atlantic Forest domain..........................................................................................27

- Branchlets angular; leaves membranaceous or chartaceous; Amazon domain ................................................................................28

27. Leaves <9 cm long............................................................................................................................................ Doliocarpus littoralis

- Leaves ≥ 9 cm long....................................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus schottianus

28. Fruits ≥ 1.5 cm long, with golden trichomes....................................................................................................... Doliocarpus gentryi

- Fruits <1.5 cm long, with whitish trichomes........................................................................................................ Doliocarpus major

29. Leaves ≥ 25 cm long...................................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus magnificus

- Leaves <25 cm long.........................................................................................................................................................................30

30. Branchlets and petioles covered by hirsute indument .......................................................................................... Doliocarpus pruskii

- Branchlets and petioles glabrous or covered by sericeous or tomentose indument .........................................................................31

31. Leaves abaxially pubescent, sericeous or tomentose .......................................................................................................................32

- Leaves abaxially glabrous or glabrescent.........................................................................................................................................36

32. Leaves oblanceolate; Southeast Brazil............................................................................................................ Doliocarpus lombardii

- Leaves widely elliptic, elliptic or obovate; Northern Brazil............................................................................................................33

33. Leaves with areolation...................................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus areolatus

- Leaves lacking areolation .................................................................................................................................................................34

34. Petioles and midrib covered by whitish or greyish trichomes; inflorescences arranged in brachyblasts... Doliocarpus macrocarpus

- Petioles and midrib covered by yellowish or brownish trichomes; inflorescences directly inserted on the branches.....................35

35. Leaves rigid-coriaceous; petioles densely tomentose; fruits tomentose, <11 mm .................................... Doliocarpus aureobaccus

- Leaves subcoriaceous; petioles sparsely pilose; fruits hispid, ≥ 11 mm ............................................................ Doliocarpus prancei

36. Petioles sericeous, trichomes ferrugineous......................................................................................................... Doliocarpus ortegae

- Petioles glabrous or sericeous, trichomes yellowish or whitish.......................................................................................................37

37. Leaves rigid-coriaceous, corrugated.................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus liesneri

- Leaves chartaceous or subcoriaceous, plane ....................................................................................................................................38

38. Petioles slender and long, ≥ 1.2 cm length.......................................................................................................................................39

- Petioles stout and short, <1.2 cm length..........................................................................................................................................40

39. Midrib adaxially tomentose; Northern Brazil................................................................................................ Doliocarpus aracaensis

- Midrib adaxially glabrous or glabrecent; Southeast Brazil............................................................................ Doliocarpus lancifolius

40. Leaves oblanceolate, base attenuate; fruits hispid....................................................................................... Doliocarpus grandiflorus

- Leaves obovate-elliptic or elliptic, base cuneate or acute; fruits puberulent ...................................................................................41

41. Leaves with margin entire or slightly dentate on the upper 1/3; flowers and fruits pedunculate; Northern Brazil............................. ..................................................................................................................................................................... Doliocarpus savannarum

- Leaves with margin dentate on the upper 2/3; flowers and fruits sessile; Southeast Brazil......................... Doliocarpus sessiliflorus