Lycianthes bitteri, Costa-Silva & Agra, Nord. J. Bot.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16573019348201 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B3AB5F-FFD4-FFC2-FF4D-F9D5FE04205A |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Lycianthes bitteri |
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1. LYCIANTHES BITTERI Costa-Silva & Agra, Nord. J. Bot. View in CoL 36(10): 2–5, 2018. TYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia: Municıpio de Amargosa, Serra do Timbo, estrada para Barata Azul, 13 06 9 19 99 S, 39 40 9 32 99 W, 800 m, 02 Dec 2009, Agra et al. 7185 (holotype: JPB!; isotypes: NY!; RB!; UFP).
Scandent shrubs, l.0–2.0 m tall; stems and branches terete, ferruginous to brown, striate to rugose, indument stellate-puberulous, yellowish to ferruginous, with dendritic and tellate, sessile and short stalked, hyaline trichomes. Leaves geminate, anisophyllous; petiole 0.6–1.5 3 0.1–0.2 cm, slightly grooved, tomentose, ferruginous, trichomes stellate and dendritic, similar to the branches; lamina chartaceous, 5.5–13.0 3 3.0– 6.5 cm, ovate, narrowly ovate or elliptic, sparsely stellate on the adaxial surface and midrib, trichomes stellate-stalked, abaxial surface velutinous to tomentose, the trichomes stellate-stalked (stalk 2–3-celled), midrib with dendritic trichomes, apex acute to acuminate, margin entire to slightly sinuate, base cuneate, attenuate at the base. Inflorescence sessile, 1–3-flowered, opposite the leaf; pedicel slender, terete, pendulous in flower, 0.8–1.5 cm long, enlarged and erect in fruit, stellate-tomentose, trichomes yellowish to ferruginous, stellate-stalked. Calyx patelliform, campanulate, truncate at the apex, 6.0–7.0 3 8.0–9.0 mm, appendages 10, unequal, in two series, emerging from 1.3–1.5 mm below at the apex, the largest 3.0– 6.5 mm long, the smallest 2.0– 5.8 mm long, stellate-tomentose, trichomes similar to those of the pedicel. Corolla campanulate, white, 1.8–2.0 cm diam, lobes elliptic, 1.5–1.7 3 0.3–0.4 cm, puberulous on the outer surface, trichomes stellate, interpetalar tissue 0.3–0.4 cm wide; stamens unequal (1 1 4): one largest, with filaments 4.5–5.0 mm long, 4 smaller ones with shorter filaments, 1.9–2.2 cm long, anthers attenuate from the base to the apex, the largest 6.0– 6.2 mm long, the smaller 5.8–6.0 mm long, sub-sagitatte to slightly oblique at the base, 1.5–2.0 mm wide, pores extrorse; ovary conical, 2.0–2.1 3 1.5–1.7 mm, style 1.0– 1.1 cm length, straight, slightly curved at apex, stigma oblong-clavate, 1.0– 1.5 mm diam, minutely papillose, bright green. Fruit globose, 1.5–2.0 cm diam., green to yellow-green, orange when ripe, drying brownish, surrounded by the accrescent calyx, the epicarp leathery, the fruiting calyx appendages in two series, linear, spreading, unequal, the smallest 0.5–0.7 cm long, the largest 0.8–1.0 cm long, stellate-tomentose. Fruiting pedicels upright, enlarged, 1.5–2.3 cm long, brownish, trichomes similar to the branches. Seeds up to 20, ovoid to sub-reniform, compressed, 2.7–3.4 mm in diameter, seed coat slightly wavy, reticulate, beige to light brown. Figures 6 View FIG , 7 View FIG ; for additional figures see Costa-Silva and Agra (2018b).
Distribution, Habitat, and Phenology — Lycianthes bitteri is endemic to Bahia State, Brazil, occurring in two disjunct areas ( Fig. 10 View FIG ); few collections of this species can be found in herbaria. Most collections are from transition areas between the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest domains, at elevations from 300 to 1080 m ( Costa-Silva and Agra 2018b). Flowers and fruits were collected from December to June.
Notes — Lycianthes bitteri was recently described and illustrated by Costa-Silva and Agra (2018b) and is endemic to Brazil. It is morphologically related to L. cearaensis and L. pauciflora , although L. bitteri can be distinguished from its related species by a set of distinctive characters: petioles subterete; inflorescences opposite the leaves, ovary conical, calyx tomentose with linear and longer appendages in the flowers, but spreading and 2-seriate in the fruit. Additionally, the velutinous to tomentose indument of L. bitteri having dendritic trichomes with bifurcate lateral rays, which remains dense and persistent even after drying,
In contrast to Lycianthes bitteri , L. pauciflora has a cylindrical petiole, the inflorescences are held in the same direction as the leaves, and the calyx has shorter and reflexed appendages that are glabrous to glabrescent and emerge below the apical 1/4 of the flower and fruit; the ovary is globose and glabrescent. Lycianthes . pauciflora is widely distributed in South America.
Lycianthes bitteri also shares some morphological characters with L. cearaensis Bitter , another species endemic to northeastern Brazil. It can be differentiated, however, by the latter having a canaliculate petiole, a calyx with linear and uniseriate appendages, rounded at the apex, and by a tomentose indument on the branches, petioles and pedicels with only stalked stellate trichomes.
Representative Specimens Examined — Brazil. — BAHIA: Mun. Amargosa, Fazenda Mucuri, Riacho do Meio , area de estudos do Projeto Timbo/Centro Sapucaia 13 10 9 20 99 S, 39 9 9 34 99 W, 25 Jan 2007, Cardoso 1602 (HUEFS) ; Mun. Arataca, RPPN Caminho das Pedras, em trilha de acesso ao Peito-de-moça, 15 10 9 25 99 S, 39 20 9 30 99, 15 Jun 2006, Amorim 6062 (CEPEC, NY); Mun. Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita, 10 km W de Camacan na estrada para Jacarecı , 6 km SW na estrada para RPPN e Torre de transmiss ~ ao, Trilha de acesso a RPPN. 15 23 9 35 99 S, 39 33 9 53 99 W, 850 m, 25 Mar 2007, Amorim 6958 (CEPEC, NY) .
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