Plukenetia

Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M. & Gillespie, Lynn J., 2020, A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America, Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 45 (3), pp. 507-536 : 528

KEY TO THE SPECIES Of PLUKENETIA SECT. PLUKENETIA

1. Styles (9–) 15–35 mm long; filaments short-conical,; 0.5 mm long; interstaminal nectaries absent............................... 25. P. volubilis 1. Styles 4–12 mm long; filaments slender-cylindrical, 0.5–3 mm long; interstaminal nectaries present (small and sometimes overlooked in P. stipellata )..... 2

2. Fruits 1.6–3 cm in diam, dry; interstaminal nectaries of small irregularly shaped segments; stipels 2 and glandular knob absent adaxially at petiole apex.......................................................................................................... 23. P. stipellata

2. Fruits 2.5–11 cm in diam, dry or fleshy; interstaminal nectaries slender-cylindrical, ligulate (strap-shaped), or large irregularly shaped segments; stipels 0–2 and glandular knob 0 or 1 adaxially at petiole apex.................................................................... 3

3. Interstaminal nectaries of large irregularly shaped segments; leaves: lateral primary veins arching towards the margins # 1/2 the length of the blade, stipels 1–2 and glandular knob absent adaxially at petiole apex; typically growing in montane rainforest (580–) 1280–2440 m ...... 4

4. Fruits 2.8–3.7 cm in diam, seeds “large,” 19.2–19.6 ˟ 17–18.5 ˟ 13–15.7 mm; distributed in central and southern Peru (Cusco, Jun´ ın, Pasco)................................................................................................. 24. P. sylvestris

4. Fruits 4–10 cm in diam, seeds “extra-large,” 27–50 ˟ 25–40 ˟ 15–35 mm; distributed in northern Peru (Amazonas, Cajamarca)...... 5

5. Filaments 0.5–1 (perhaps to;1.8, see species discussion) mm long; stamens 25–35; staminate cymules densely packed on inflorescence, axis not clearly visible.............................................................................. 19. P. carolis-vegae

5. Filaments; 0.5 mm long; stamens 10–15; staminate cymules loosely packed on inflorescence, axis clearly visible............................................................................................................ 20. P. ˟ huayllabambana

3. Interstaminal nectaries slender-cylindrical or ligulate (strap-shaped); leaves: lateral primary veins arching towards the apex $ 1/2 the length of the blade, stipels absent and glandular knob 1 adaxially at petiole apex; growing in lowland to pre-montane rainforest 0–1000 m (montane rainforest to 2100 m in P. lehmanniana )..................................................................................... 6

6. Styles 20–40% connate, column 3–6 mm long, free style arms 3–6 mm long; fruits squarish in profile; distributed north and west of the Andes in the Pacific coastal and montane regions of Colombia and Ecuador.......................................... 21. P. lehmanniana

6. Styles 70–95% connate, column 3–14 mm long, free style arms 1–2.5(3) mm long; fruits ovoid in profile; distributed south and east of the Andes in the Amazon basin, the Guianas, and eastern Venezuela, or in southern Mexico....................................... 7

7. Seeds broadly lenticular, “large” to “extra-large,” 24–27 ˟ 21–27 ˟ 14–16 mm; fruits capsules 5.8–7 cm in diam, at least semi-dehiscent; styles 12–14 mm long; distributed in southern Mexico.................................................... 18. P. carabiasiae

7. Seeds ovoid, “maximum” sized, 49–56 ˟ 33–37 ˟ 30–36 mm; fruits fleshy berries, 5–11 cm in diam, indehiscent; styles 3–8 mm long; distributed in the northern Amazon basin, the Guianas, and eastern Venezuela............................... 22. P. polyadenia