Rhamnus catharticus, L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1981, Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae, Cambridge University Press : 245

8. R. catharticus L. , Sp. Pl. 193 (1753).

Shrub or small tree 4-6 m. Leaves 3-7 cm, ovate to elliptical, obtuse or cuspidate, glabrous or somewhat pubescent, deciduous; lateral veins 2-A pairs, conspicuous; petiole much longer than stipules; lamina of leaves on short shoots 2 -2 | times as long as petiole. Drupe 6-8 mm, black when ripe. 2n = 24. Usually calcicole. Most o f Europe, northwards to 61° 45' N. in Sweden; absent from the extreme south. Al Au Be Br Bu Cz Da Fe Ga Ge?Gr Hb He Ho Hs Hu It Ju Lu No Po Rm Rs (N, B, C, W, K, E) Si Su.