Gliophorus flavoviridis U. Singh, K. Das & R.P. Bhatt

Singh, Upendra, Das, Kanad, Vizzini, Alfredo, Bhatt, Rajendra P., Uniyal, Priyanka & Mehmood, Tahir, 2017, Gliophorus flavoviridis, a new species in the family Hygrophoraceae from India, Phytotaxa 327 (3), pp. 283-289 : 285-286

Gliophorus flavoviridis U. Singh, K. Das & R.P. Bhatt

MycoBank:—MB 822097

Etymology:—Refers to the yellowish green basidiomata of type specimens.

Type:— INDIA. Uttarakhand: Rudraprayag district, Pabdhar forest, alt. 2353 m, N 30°29.394’ E 079°09.653’, 26 August 2016, US 1367 (holotype CAL!) .

Diagnosis:—Differs from the closely related, European Gliophorus psittacinus (Schaeff.) Herink (1958:82) mainly by sequence data obtained from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and morphologically by yellow lamellae with various lengths of lamellulae and absence of green colours at stipe apex.

Description: —Pileus 16–35 mm diam., convex when young, becoming conico-campanulate with a shallow central depression at disc at maturity, non-perforate; surface smooth, glaucous, viscid when young but gradually becoming dry when mature, light green (28A5) to viridine green to yellowish green (29A5−29A7), turning pastel yellow (2A4) when dry; margin crisped, decurved to flared out, translucent-striate; context up to 1 mm wide, concolorous with pileus surface. Lamellae sinuate, close to subdistant, 4 mm wide, genet yellow to vivid yellow (3A7−3A8), edges concolorous, with 4−5 complete lamellae (at pileus margin) per cm, often intervenose; lamellulae in various lengths and usually with 3 lamellulae of different lengths between two complete lamellae. Stipe 42−54 × 4−8 mm, central, slightly curved, cylindrical, slightly tapering towards apex, surface smooth, viscid and often slightly grooved, upper half concolorous with pileus and lower half concolorous with lamellae, turning pastel yellow (2A4) when dry, hollow; context thin, genet yellow to vivid yellow (3A7−3A8), fragile. Taste and odour indistinct. Spore print not obtained.

Basidiospores 7− 8 −9.5 × 4.5− 5.2 −6 μm (n = 30, Q = 1.27− 1.48 −1.80), broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, sometimes narrow, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid, uni- to multiguttulate, apiculus up to 1 μm long. Basidia 33–52 × 8–10 μm, clavate to sub-clavate, thin-walled, with a basal clamp connection (occasionally medallion type), 2- to 4- spored; sterigmata up to 6 μm long. Lamellar edge fertile. Hymenial cystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama subregular, composed of septate, thin-walled cylindrical to inflated elements, up to 21 μm wide, rarely with clamp-connections. Pileipellis an ixotrichoderm, made up of erect to sub-erect, septate, thin-walled, unbranched hyphae covered by a thin gelatinous layer; terminal elements 12–40 × 4–8 μm with rounded apex, sometimes with basal clamps. Stipitipellis an ixotrichoderm, composed of erect to sub-erect, septate, thin-walled unbranched hyphae; terminal elements 16−45 × 3–5 μm with rounded to acute or mucronate apex, sometimes with basal clamps.

Habit & habitat:—Gregarious, on ground, under Lyonia ovalifolia in mixed temperate forest.

Specimens examined:— INDIA. Uttarakhand: Rudraprayag district, Pabdhar forest , 2353 m alt., N 30 29.394’ E 079 09.653’, 26 August 2016, Upendra Singh, US 1367 (holotype, CAL) ; Baniyakund , alt. 2597 m, N30°28.883’ E79°10.994’ 29August 2015, Upendra Singh, US 0996 ( CAL) .

Notes:—The combination of morphological features such as convex to conico-campanulate pileus shape, green pileus surface, sinuate lamellae, absence of gelatinization in the lamellar edge and subhymenium, absence of ixocheilocystidia and presence of basal clamp-connections on basidia and basidioles (which are not toruloid) place Gliophorus flavoviridis in sect. Gliophorus ( Herink 1958, Kovalenko 1989, Bon 1990, Lodge et al. 2014).

Phylogeny

The large ITS dataset of Hygrocyboideae (supplementary Fig. 1 ) consists of 59 sequences; the dataset focusing on Gliophorus consists of 36 sequences ( Fig. 1 ) (including our isolates: US 1367, represented by GenBank acc. no. MF542320 and US 0996). The first analysis recovered the same topology as in the multi-marker phylogeny of subfamily Hygrocyboideae by Lodge et al. (2014) and indicates that the genus Gliophorus is not strictly monophyletic. Both analyses (supplementary Fig. 1 and Fig. 1 ) do not completely support the morphology-based distinction of the three sections in the genus Gliophorus . Our sequences which appear to be nested amongst other sequences of G. sect. Gliophorus are sister to the clade including G. perplexus (A. H. Sm. & Hesler) Kovalenko (1989:94) and three undescribed species (labeled as Gliophorus sp. 1 , Gliophorus sp. 2 and Gliophorus sp. 3 ) ( Fig. 1 ); however our Indian sequences (from US 1367 and US 0996) representing G. flavoviridis are recovered as a distinct taxon with strong supporting value (100% bootstrap). The cluster including the sequences derived from the authentic collections of G. psittacinus (labeled as Gliophorus psittacinus complex) forms a separate clade as well.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Phylogeny of G. flavoviridis (in bold and red font) inferred from Maximum Likelihood analysis of Gliophorus ITS sequences.