Chrysantheminae Less.

Oberprieler, Christoph, Töpfer, Alisha, Dorfner, Marco, Stock, Miriam & Vogt, Robert, 2022, An updated subtribal classification of Compositae tribe Anthemideae based on extended phylogenetic reconstructions, Willdenowia 52 (1), pp. 117-149 : 128-129

= Chrysantheminae Less. in Linnaea 6: 167. 1831. –

Type: Chrysanthemum L. ( Chrysanthemum indicum

L., typ. cons.).

Description — Shrubs, subshrubs, perennial or annual herbs, sometimes with basally woody, virgate and sometimes leafless stems ( Lepidolopha ). Indumentum absent, of basifixed or medifixed (sometimes stellate) hairs. Leaves rosulate or alternate, entire, lobed, serrate to 1–3-pinnatisect. Capitula solitary, in lax to dense corymbs or in panicles, rarely in dense glomerules ( Turaniphytum ), radiate, disciform or discoid. Involucre hemispheric to cylindric, obconic or urceolate. Phyllaries in 1–7 rows, with narrow to broad scarious margins. Receptacle flat to conic, epaleate or paleate, sometimes pilose. Ray florets (when present) female or neuter; limb white, yellow or pink. Outer disc florets (in disciform capitula) female, corolla absent or slender, 2- or 3(–5)-lobed. Central disc florets hermaphrodite or male (rarely neuter); corolla (4 or)5-lobed; anthers basally rounded, rarely caudate ( Hippolytia ), with non-polarized endothecial tissue and a slender filament collar. Achenes ellipsoid to obovoid without or with 3–8(–12) ribs, sometimes flattened; apex marginally rounded, sometimes with a rounded rim ( Artemisiella , Hippolytia , Hulteniella ), a lacerate corona with small scales ( Crossostephium , Nipponanthemum , Opisthopappus, Spheromeria ) or a corona formed by 8–10 linear-elliptic scales ( Lepidolopha ); pericarp with or without myxogenic cells in rows, without resin sacs (with longitudinal resin canals in Hippolytia ), sometimes pilose. Embryo sac development monosporic (only known in Arctanthemum , Artemisia and Chrysanthemum ). Base chromosome number x = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,17.

Distribution — Worldwide, with a centre of diversity in C Asia.

Members — Ajania Poljakov (39), Ajaniopsis C. Shih (1), Arctanthemum (Tzvelev) Tzvelev (3), Artemisia L. (522, incl. Seriphidium Fourr. ), Artemisiella Ghafoor (1), Brachanthemum DC. (10), Chrysanthemum L. (37), Crossostephium Less. (1), Elachanthemum Y. Ling & Y. R. Ling (1), Filifolium Kitam. (1), Hippolytia Poljakov (19), Hulteniella Tzvelev (1), Kaschgaria Poljakov (2), Lepidolopha C. Winkl. (9), Leucanthemella Tzvelev (2), Mausolea Poljakov (1), Neopallasia Poljakov (3), Nipponanthemum Kitam. (1), Opisthopappus C. Shih (2), Phaeostigma Muldashev (3), Picrothamnus Nutt. (1), Sphaeromeria Nutt. (9), Stilpnolepis Krasch. (1), Tridactylina (DC.) Sch. Bip. (1) Turaniphytum Poljakov (2).

Notes — As in the previous subtribe, delimitation of genera in this extremely species-rich subtribe was beyond the aims of the present study. However, representatives of all mentioned 24 genera were found forming a strongly supported monophyletic group in the nrDNA ITS tree ( Fig. 2). The subtribal circumscription and the inclusion of the formerly unassigned genus Lepidolopha was additionally supported both by the multi-locus analysis of Oberprieler & al. (2019) and the species-tree reconstructions present- ed here ( Fig. 3, 4). The unispecific genus Ajaniopsis C. Shih , endemic to Tibet and China, still lacks a phylogeny-based subtribal classification. However, as discussed by Bremer & Humphries (1993) based on morphological evidence, membership of this annual in the Artemisiinae is beyond doubt.

III. Eurasian grade