Willowsia, Shoebotham, 1917
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https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.1 |
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lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4232757C-21DB-402F-86D1-0C4D79C7BBB8 |
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15045243 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8146E-FFBA-FF7A-2B9C-FF08FC6B5F10 |
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Willowsia |
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On Willowsia View in CoL polyphyly
Willowsia View in CoL was previously recovered as a monophyletic taxon based on morphological data ( Zhang et al. 2011), although this was hypothesized through an analysis using a single (and likely inappropriate) outgroup, Americabrya arida ( Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980) View in CoL . However our results, based on molecular data, corroborate previous studies on Willowsia View in CoL polyphyly, as well as the nonexistence of Willowsiinae View in CoL ( Zhang et al. 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017; Katz et al. 2015b; Zhang & Deharveng 2015; Ding et al. 2019; Cipola & Katz 2021).
Regarding our tree, the large clade gathering the 12 Willowsia View in CoL sampled taxa mixed with other Entomobryinae View in CoL genera was recovered as the sister group of Neotropical scaled Entomobryinae View in CoL ( Lepidocyrtoides Schött, 1917 View in CoL and Lepidosira View in CoL ), although with low support (pp = 0.37; bs = 60). This grouping may be reasonable, considering that most Entomobryoidea taxa have type I scales ( Mari Mutt 1979; Zhang et al. 2014, 2016; Cipola et al. 2014, 2017, 2018, 2022; Nunes et al. 2019), probably a plesiomorphic condition of Entomobryidae View in CoL , kept like this only in W. japonica View in CoL within the clade. Regardless, the branch gathering seven Asian Willowsia View in CoL taxa (pp = 0.77; bs = 73) likely belongs to another genus, and this is probably due to the independent emergence of scales, as already observed to other Entomobryinae View in CoL taxa ( Zhang et al. 2014). Our results indicated that the type of body scales has no phylogenetic significance for sustaining or helping to split Willowsia View in CoL , since different types of scales appear mixed in our phylogeny ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 ). In this sense, new analyses using the same species but new samples need to be done to confirm if E. multifasciata View in CoL , Sinella curviseta View in CoL and S. longisensilla View in CoL were correctly identified, since they were the only unscaled Entomobryinae View in CoL within the clade with the Willowsia species.
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