Jatropha integerrima Jacq.

van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T. & Fernández-Casas, F. J., 2017, A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia, Blumea 62 (1), pp. 58-74 : 65-67

3. Jatropha integerrima Jacq. ― Fig. 1b , 4 ; Map 3

Jatropha integerrima Jacq. (1760) 32; (1763) 256, t. 183, f. 47; Pax (1910) 50; McVaugh (1945) 274, f. 5, 6, 12, 16, 21, 22; Airy Shaw (1972) 284; (1982) 25;Radcl.-Sm.(1987) 353; Chantharaprasong & Welzen (2007) 347, f. 11B, pl. XIX-2; Fern. Casas (2016) 28, f. 9-13, map 3. ― Adenoropium integerrimum (Jacq.) Pohl (1827) 14. ― Jatropha diversifolia A.Rich. (1850) 207, nom. superfl.; Müll.Arg. in DC. (1866) 1094. ― Type: Not indicated.

Jatropha hastata Jacq. (1760) 32; (1763) 256, t. 173, f. 54; Pax (1910) 51; Backer & Bakh.f. (1963) 494. ― Adenoropium hastatum (Jacq.) Britton & P.Wilson (1924) 485. ― Jatropha integerrima Jacq. var. hastata (Jacq.) Fosberg (1976) 102. ― Lectotype (designated here): Jacquin s.n. (BM).

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Jatropha acuminata Desr. (1797) 8; Vent. (1803) t. 52. ― Type: Herb. de Jussieu s.n. (holo P-JU; IDC microfiche 6206, box 31, fiche 1194, no. 20), Saint Domingue (Santo Domingo).

Jatropha pandurifolia Andrews (1802) t. 267 (‘ panduraefolia ’); Pax (1910) 49; Gagnep.(1926) 326. ― Adenoropium pandurifolium (Andrews) Pohl (1827) 14. ― Jatropha diversifolia A.Rich. var. pandurifolia (Andrews) M. Gómez (1894) 51. ― Type: Andrews (1802) t. 267.

Jatropha coccinea Link (1822) 406. ― Adenoropium coccinea (Link) Steud. (1840) 799, in synonymy (‘ coccineum ’). ― Jatropha pandurifolia Andrews var. coccinea (Link) Pax (1910) 50,f. 19b. ― Jatropha integerrima Jacq.var. coccinea (Link) N.P.Balakr. (1980, publ.1982) 176. ― Type:Not indicated, Hort. Cels. (= Garden of J.M. Cels).

Jatropha pauciflora C.Wright ex Griseb. (1865) 170; Müll.Arg. (1866) 1095; Pax (1910) 51. ― Jatropha diversifolia A.Rich. var. pauciflora (C.Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez (1894) 51. ― Type: C. Wright 1954 (holo GOET; iso BM, BREM s.n., G-DC, GH, HAC [3], K, MO, NY, P, US [2x], YU), Cuba.

Jatropha moluensis Sessé & Moc. (1894) 224. ― Type: Not indicated (MA? n.v.), [ Cuba,] Havana.

Jatropha pandurifolia Andrews var. latifolia Pax (1910) 50,f. 19a. ― Jatropha integerrima Jacq. var. latifolia (Pax) N.P.Balakr. (1980, publ. 1982) 176. ― Lectotype (designated here): Pr. de la Sagra 595 (holo W), Cuba, cultivated in gardens in Havana.

Jatropha glaucovirens Pax (1910) 51. ― Type: A.H.Curtiss 458 (holo B? lost; iso A, BM,G [2x], GH, HAC, K,L, M), [ Cuba,] Isla de Pinos,Nueva Gerona.

Shrubs to treelets, at least up to 8 m high, stem up to 10 cm diam, somewhat succulent; flowering branches 2–3 mm diam, hairy, glabrescent. Outer bark dark grey, fairly smooth; exudate white (one label). Indumentum of simple, pilose hairs, present on most parts. Stipules triangular, 1.3–1.5 by 0.5–0.7 mm, caducous, often with basal lobe, latter sometimes separate. Leaves: petiole 0.8–7.5 cm long, diam c. 1 mm, round in transverse section, but flat to slightly grooved above, especially hairy above, basally thickened, light green; lamina ovate to most often obovate, 5.2–12 by 3.4–7.5 cm, 1.3–2.6 times longer than wide, papyraceous, basally rounded to somewhat emarginate, often with two glandular extensions, margin entire except basally several triangular mini-lobes ending in a gland, apex acuminate to cuspate, dark green above, usually hairy on venation, dull green below, glabrous; venation basally 7-palmate, but midrib and next two veins strongest, latter ending over blade half, more terminally pinnate with 5–12 veins per side. Inflorescences compound dichasia with central flower(s) pistillate, erect, subterminal, up to 15 cm long; peduncle 4.5–12.7 cm long, diam c. 1.5 mm; basal bract elliptic, up to 8 by 1 mm, with stipule-like basal extensions, upper bracts usually triangular, c. 3 by 1 mm, becoming smaller upwards, margin serrate with gland on top of the teeth, apex acute. Flowers: pedicels 5 –8 mm long, apically (and often also basally) an abscission zone; calyx lobes basally connate, lobes triangular to ovate, basally green, rest dark red, glabrous; petals free, obovate, dark red. Staminate flowers c. 16 mm diam, lobes ovate, 2–3 by 1.5–2 mm, margin entire, apex round; petals 9–24 by 5–10 mm, curved backwards, apex slightly emarginate to round, basally hairy inside, rest glabrous; disc lobes ± square, c. 0.5 by 0.5 mm; stamens 10, in 2 whorls of 5, glabrous, androphore 4.5–5 mm long; free part of filaments 2.3–4 mm long, anthers narrowly triangular, 2–2.5 by c. 0.7 mm, basally slightly divaricate, dorsibasifixed, opening latrorse, connective with appendix. Pistillate flowers c. 20 mm diam: lobes 1.5–3.7 by 1.1–2 mm, margin (entire to) serrate with glands, apex acute; petals 10–13 by 5–6 mm, apex emarginate to rounded, glabrous; disc lobes rectangular, c. 1 by 0.5 mm; ovary ellipsoid, 2.5–5 by 2–3 mm, glabrous, green, style 0.8–1 mm long; stigmas 4.2–5 mm long, red, bifid in upper 2.4–2.5 mm, flattened and in some broadened. Fruits oblong, c. 1 by 1 cm, dehiscing septicidally, smooth, green; wall c. 1 mm thick; columella T-shaped, c. 9 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, c. 8 by 3 mm.

Distribution ― Caribbean Islands ( Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti), introduced in Malesia (Java, Philippines, Celebes).

Habitat & Ecology ― Secondary forest, along trail in lowland mixed forest; soil: brownish clay, clay-loam. Altitude: sea-level to 4 m. Flowering: January, February, April, May, August, De- cember.

Uses ― Ornamental because of relative large orange-red flowers in red inflorescences.

Note ― This species is very variable in the shape of the leaf blade. The form most encountered is obovate to somewhat panduriform, but in the Philippines the blades are ovate.

Figures

Map 3 Distribution in Malesia of Jatropha integerrima Jacq.

Fig. 1 Leaf shapes and flower details in Malesian Jatropha L. – J. curcas L.: a. Leaf. – J. integerrima Jacq.: b. Leaf. – J. multifida L.: c. Leaf. – J. podagrica Hook.: d. Leaf. – J. gossypiifolia L.: e. Habit; f. staminate flower; g. androecium with disc glands; h. pistillate flower; i. base of ovary with disc glands; j. fruit, k. columella; l. seed with apical caruncle (a: Bullock 879; b: Noerkas 62; c: Anonymous s.n., barcode L 0034581; d. M. Reekmans 7729; e–g: F.G. Dickason 8644; h, i: A.M. Huq & M.K. Mia 10498; j–l: A.H.M. Jayasuriya 1248; all L). — Drawing:Anita Walsmit Sachs, 2006.

Fig. 4 Jatropha integerrima Jacq. a. Branches with inflorescences; b. leaf; c. leaf base with small lobes; d. bract; e. staminate flower showing disc and androecium; f. pistillate flower in section; g, h. partly loculicidally divided two-valved cocci, outside and inside, respectively; i. seed, dorsal view; j. seed, ventral view (a-d, f: F.R. Fosberg 59690; e: E.L. Ekman 2369; g-j: E.L. Ekman H­4472; all MA). — Drawing: Juan Luis Castillo Gorroño, 2006.