Pantoporia sandaka davidsoni Eliot, 1969

KC, Sajan, Pariyar, Surendra & Sapkota, Anisha, 2025, Refining Nepal's butterfly records: self-corrections and notes on previously recorded Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) species, Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2), pp. 363-377 : 370

Pantoporia sandaka davidsoni Eliot, 1969

Rahinda sandaka Butler, 1892 , Type locality: N. Kanara, Karwar , India.

Material Examined. Photographic evidence: 1 ♂, NEPAL, AFU, Rampur, Chitwan District , Bagmati Province (27°39'10.3"N 84°21'12.1"E, 162 m), 23-II-2020, 10:53–10:58 AM ( Figs 3H, 3I) .

Diagnosis. Pantoporia sandaka is often mistaken for P. hordonia (Stoll, 1790) , a common and widespread species in Nepal, owing to their similar appearances. In P. sandaka , the postdiscal gray line on the dorsal forewing is narrower than the submarginal orange line ( Figs 3H), whereas the gray line is bolder than the orange line in P. hordonia , particularly, in the wet season form; in the dry season form of P. sandaka davidsoni , the gray postdiscal line diminishes and the orange submarginal lines get wider ( Eliot, 1969, Ek-Amnuay, 2012). The gray speculum along the costa of the dorsal hindwing ( Figs 3I) in male P. sandaka davidsoni is large and mixes with the discal band; this speculum is smaller in P. hordonia male ( Eliot, 1969).

Remarks. Our team first observed P. sandaka in Nepal ( Figs 3H, 3I) on the specified date and at the location mentioned above and subsequently reported it as a new record for Nepal in Sapkota et al. (2020). Major surrounding vegetation included Clerodendrum infortunatum L. ( Lamiaceae ), Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. ( Fabaceae ), Lantana camara , Mallotus Lour. sp. ( Euphorbiaceae ), Mikania micrantha Kunth ( Asteraceae ), Ziziphus sp. , and Mangifera indica . The first author was able to replicate this finding through subsequent observations in Bhorletar, Lamjung District (28°08'56.0"N 84°15'21.0"E, 500 m) throughout 2019–2020, and in Bhedetar, Dhankuta District (26°52'46.0"N 87°20'05.0"E, 640 m) in March 2021, along riparian habitats.

Distribution. Uttarakhand to NE India ( Varshney & Smetacek, 2015); Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China ( Inayoshi, 2024); Nepal (New Record).

Corrections. The following three taxa were misidentified in our previous reports (KC & Sapkota, 2020, 2022), and we hereby correct these following further analysis and review over time.