Anostomidae Günther, 1864

Sidlauskas, Brian L., Melo, Bruno F., Birindelli, José L. O., Burns, Michael D., Frable, Benjamin W., Hoekzema, Kendra, Dillman, Casey B., Sabaj, Mark H. & Oliveira, Claudio, 2025, Molecular phylogenetics, a new classification, and a new genus of the Neotropical fish family Anostomidae (Teleostei: Characiformes), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 240076) 23 (1) : -

Anostomidae Günther, 1864

Anostomatina Günther, 1864:279. Type-genus: Anostomus Scopoli, 1777 . —Günther, 1864:279. Originally as Anostomatina, and thus implying stem Anostomat –. —Gill, 1896:209 corrected the stem to Anostom –.

Pithecocharacinae Fowler, 1906:319. Type-genus: Pithecocharax Fowler, 1906 . Pithecocharacinae Fowler, 1906 is a junior objective synonym of Anostomatina Günther, 1864 because Pithecocharax Fowler, 1906 is an objective junior synonym of Anostomus Scopoli, 1777 .

Type-genus. Anostomus Scopoli, 1777 .

Phylogenetic definition. The crown clade originating in the most recent common ancestor of Anostomus anostomus , Leporellus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1850) and Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1794) ( Figs. 2, S 1, S 2).

Diversity. Anostomidae includes approximately 150 valid species (Toledo-Piza et al., 2024) allocated among 17 nominal genera: Abramites , Anostomoides Pellegrin, 1909 , Anostomus , Brevidens , Gnathodolus Myers, 1927 , Hypomasticus , Insperanos , Laemolyta , Leporellus , Leporinus , Megaleporinus , Petulanos Sidlauskas & Vari, 2008 , Pseudanos Winterbottom, 1980 , Rhytiodus Kner, 1858 , Sartor Myers & Carvalho, 1959 , Schizodon , and Synaptolaemus Myers & Fernández-Yépez, 1950 .

Anostominae Günther, 1864

Type-genus. Anostomus Scopoli, 1777 .

Phylogenetic definition. The crown clade originating in the most recent common ancestor of Anostomus anostomus , Pseudanos trimaculatus (Kner, 1858) and Gnathodolus bidens Myers, 1927 .

Diversity. Anostominae includes 16 species allocated among Anostomus , Gnathodolus ,

Petulanos , Pseudanos , Sartor and Synaptolaemus .

Leporellinae Eigenmann, 1910

Type-genus. Leporellus Lütken, 1875 .

Phylogenetic definition. The most inclusive crown clade that contains the common ancestor of Leporellus , but not of Anostomus , Insperanos or Hypomasticus .

Diversity. Leporellinae includes a single genus, Leporellus .