Conapesquius rectipes ( Roewer, 1913 ), 2025

Carvalho, Rafael N. & Kury, Adriano B., 2025, Further draining of Discocyrtus to expand Neopachylinae (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae): absorption of taxa and establishment of new genera and species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (zlae 023) 203 (1), pp. 1-65 : 31-36

Conapesquius rectipes ( Roewer, 1913) gen. et comb. nov.

( Figs 12–15 )

• Discocyrtus rectipes Roewer 1913: 114 , fig. 52.

Discocyrtus rectipes — Roewer 1923: 436, fig.547; Mello-Leitão 1923: 126; Roewer 1927: 335; Roewer 1929: 205; Mello-Leitão 1932: 179, fig. 100; Soares and Soares 1954: 254; Weidner 1959: 121; Acosta 1996: 216; Kury 2003: 165; Carvalho 2017: 278.

Type data

Discocyrtus rectipes : 1 ♂ 6 ♀ syntypes ( SMF RI 785 , examined) from BRAZIL, without further locality data ; 4♂ 3 ♀ ( ZHM 1438 ) from BRAZIL, São Paulo, Ribeirão Pires [misidentification of D. littoralis Mello-Leitão, 1932 , as reported by Carvalho 2017: 278] .

Records

Without further geographic records in the literature.

Diagnosis

Conapesquius rectipes can be distinguished from C. brevifemur , C. heteracanthus , and C. spinifemur due to (1) Ch bulla with spines on anterior mesal margin (as in C. brevifemur ) ( Fig. 14A ); (2) DS thickest at area I ( Figs 13B , 14C ); (3) Cx I ventral with a transversal row of juxtaposed spines; (4) Cx III retrolateral face with an apophysis ( Fig. 13C ); (5) Fe IV dorsal face with four outstanding spines on the proximal half (as in C. heteracanthus ) ( Fig. 14E–F, H ).

Material examined

BRAZIL: State of Santa Catarina: Blumenau : 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MZSP 36263 ), ix.1955, Gofferjé, C.N. leg .; 1 ♂ ( IBSP 5867 ) !, 1 ♂ ( IBSP 5868 ) , 1 ♂ ( IBSP 5888 ) !, 1 ♀ IBSP (5897) , 1 ♂ ( IBSP 5899 ) , 1 ♂ ( IBSP 5930 ) !, 1 ♂ ( IBSP 5948 ) !, 1 ♀ ( IBSP 5956 ) , 1 ♂ ( IBSP 5960 ) !, 1 ♂ ( IBSP 5961 ) !, 1 ♂ IBSP (6028), Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes do Garcia , -27.0166°, -49.15°, 21–28.i.2003, Equipe Biota leg. ; 3 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 2675 ) !, Parque Ecológico Spitzkopf , -27.0°, -49.1°, 03.ii.1996, Bonaldo, A.; Kury, A. B. & Rocha, R. leg .; 2 ♂ ( MZSP 18323 ) !, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MZSP 18332 ) !, idem, 29.iii.1999, Pinto-da-Rocha, R.; Bérnils, R. S. & Lingnau, R. leg .; 6 ♂ 5 ♀ ( MNRJ 2860 ) , 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 2863 ) , Sítio Griebner, Nova Rússia , -27.01773°, -49.09265°, 362 m, 07.ii.2022, Martins, P.H. et al. leg. Florianópolis : 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 365 ) , Morro da Aranha , 10.i.2019, Giupponi, A. leg. Ilhota : 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 2879 ) , Parque Botânico Morro do Baú , -26,7998°,- 48,94 251°, 276 m, 08.ii.2022, Martins, P.H. et al. leg .; 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MNRJ 6653 ) !, idem, -26.80, -48.95, 25.i.1990, Baptista, R. L. C. & Baptista, A. R. P. leg .; 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 6956 ) !, idem, 04.ii.1996, Bonaldo, A., Kury, A. B. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. leg .; 2 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MZSP 18656 ) , 01–02.iv.1999, Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Bérnils, R. & Lingnau, R. leg. Indaial : 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 3045 ) , 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 3050 ) , Instituto de Permacultura Vale do Itajaí ( IPEVI), -26.96 635°, -49.18 029°, 184 m, 09.ii.2022, Martins, P. H. et al. leg. Itajaí: 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 4493 ) !, 1 ♂ ( MZSP 18156 ) !, [-26 883°, -48,65°], Rodovia BR 470 , 09.iii.1999, Kury, A.B.; Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Giupponi, A. leg. Luís Alves : 4 ♂ 4 ♀ ( MZSP 29868 ) , Alto Máximo , [-26 725°, -49 055°], 12.xii.2005, da Silva, M. B. et al. leg. Porto Belo : 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 7420 , APA Araçá, [-27 137°, -48 542°], Antrópica do Caixa d’Aço , 26.vii.2011, Trivia, A.L. & Chagas-Jr., A. leg .; 9 ♂ ( MNRJ 7270 ) !, 8 ♂ 12 ♀ 1 juv ( MNRJ 7400 ) !, 1 ♂ 3 ♀ ( MNRJ 7411 ) !, APA Araçá, Avançada do Refúgio , 25-26.iv.2011, Trivia, A.L. & Chagas-Jr., A. leg .; 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MNRJ 7311 ) !, idem, 24.vii.48, Trivia, A.L. & Malta, L. leg. ; 1♂ 1♀ 1 juv ( MNRJ 7369 ) !, APA Araçá, Banhado do Caixa-d’aço, 24.vii.2011, Trivia, A.L. & Malta, L. leg. ; 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 7383 ) !, APA Araçá, Banhado do Guinho , 25.vii.2011, Trivia, A.L. & Malta, L. leg. ; 1 ♂ 1 juv ( MNRJ 7435 ) !, APA Araçá, Inicial da Bia , 25.vii.2011, Trivia, A.L. & Malta, L .; 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 7334 ) !, APA Araçá, Inicial do Guinho , 27.vii.2011, Trivia, A.L. & Malta, L. leg. ; 4 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 7323 ) !, 2 ♂ 3 ♀ ( MNRJ 7388 ) !, APA Araçá, Média do Guinho , 25.iv.2011, Trivia, A.L. & Chagas-Jr., A. leg. Rancho Queimado : 1 ♂ ( MCN 1254 ) !, 1 ♂ ( MCN 1255 )!, 08–11.x.1994, Bonaldo, A. B. leg .; 1 ♂ ( MCN 1263 )!, 20.x.1994, Bonaldo, A. B. leg . São Bento do Sul: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 2833 ) , 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 2844 ) , Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais Rugendas , -26.3238°, -49.30 659°, 639 m, 05.ii.2022, Martins, P.H. et al. leg .; 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 0041 ) !, 1 ♂ 7 ♀ ( MNRJ 9196 ) !, [-26,35°, -49,3°], Rio Natal , 14.xii.1982, Jim, J. et al. leg .; 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 6956 ) !, Serra Alta , [-26 266°, -49 383°], 26.iii.1993, Sachsse, R., Silva, S. P. C., Gomes, M. & Peixoto, O. leg. São Francisco do Sul : 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 2823 ) , Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais Vila da Glória , -26.22 655°, -48.68 365°, 8 m, 05.ii.2022, Martins, P. H. et al. leg .

Distribution (new records with an asterisk)

BRAZIL: state of Santa Catarina: Blumenau*, Florianópolis*, Indaial*, Ilhota*, Itajaí*, Luís Alves*, Porto Belo*, Rancho Queimado*, São Bento do Sul*, São Francisco do Sul* ( Fig. 3 ).

Redescription

IBSP 6028 (male) for the external body illustrations and description ( Figs 13A–C , 14 ); DS, measurements: CW 2.2, CL 1.5, AW 4.2, AL 2.3; Leg I–IV measurements in Table 9 ; Right/ left tarsal (distitarsal) counts: 5(3)/5(3) - 8(3)/9(3) - 7/7 - 7/7. MNRJ 0041! for genitalic illustrations ( Fig. 15A–D).

Dorsum: DS gamma-pyriform, as long as wide, with AS lateral margins strongly convex, widest at scutal areas II– III and thickest at scutal area I, with sinuous posterior margin ( Figs 13A , 14A ). DS anterior margin divided by a small central projection in the center and a pair of shallow cheliceral sockets ( Fig. 14A ). Carapace anterior portion with two transversal rows of five prominent subconical tubercles, and centrally covered by ordinary tubercles ( Fig. 14A ). Carapace with a paramedian pair of prominent tubercles, surrounded by ordinary tubercles on lateral and posterior portions ( Figs 14A, C ). Ocularium elliptical (in dorsal view), inclined frontwards (in lateral view), high (c. 4.5× the eye diameter), perpendicularly placed on the anterior portion of the carapace ( Figs 13A–B , 14A–C ). Ocularium with a pair of parallel spines (c. 4× the eye diameter), inclined frontwards ( Figs 13A–B , 14A–C ). AS lateral borders with two rows of tubercles: one external, composed of six to seven prominent subconical tubercles at areas II–IV; another internal one with ordinary tubercles from the posterior corner of the carapace to the posterior margin ( Fig. 14A ). Mesotergum divided into four clearly defined areas ( Figs 13A–B , 14A, C ). All scutal areas tuberculate ( Fig 14A, C ). Scutal area I divided into left and right halves by a longitudinal median groove ( Figs 13A , 14A ). Scutal area I with two pairs of prominent tubercles (c. 1.5× the ordinary tubercles) ( Fig. 14A ). Scutal area II with a transversal row of eight prominent tubercles (centrally arched to proximal margin) ( Fig. 14A ). Scutal area II posterior-lateral border embracing scutal area III ( Figs 13A , 14A ). Scutal area III with a pair of paramedian outstanding domed-shaped tubercles (c. 5× the ordinary tubercles), with their surroundings covered with prominent tubercles ( Figs 13A–B , 14A, C–D ). Scutal area IV central portion with a transversal row of four prominent subconical tubercles (c. 1.5× the ordinary tubercles) ( Fig. 14A, C ). DS posterior margin and free tergites I– III each with a transversal row of prominent tubercles (larger on the central portion) ( Fig. 14A ). Anal operculum tuberculate.

Venter: Cx I– III sub-parallel to each other, each with ventral longitudinal rows of 6–11 setiferous tubercles (Cx I rows with higher and sharper tubercles than the others) ( Fig. 13C ). Cx II with a retroventral distal row of four acuminated tubercles. Cx III with a retroventral distal row of 10 acuminated tubercles. Cx IV much larger than the others, directed obliquely ( Fig. 13C ). Intercoxal bridges are well marked ( Fig. 13C ). Stigmatic area Y-inverted-shaped, clearly sunken concerning Cx IV’s distal part ( Fig. 13C ). Cx IV covered by ordinary tubercles. Stigmata are visible ( Fig. 13C ). Free sternites with a transverse row of ordinary tubercles.

Chelicera: Basichelicerite elongate, bulla well-marked ( Fig. 13A ), with marginal setiferous tubercles—two anterior mesal, two anterior ectal, and one or two lateral mesal ( Fig. 14A ); hand not swollen.

Pedipalps: Tr with two geminated ventral setiferous tubercles. Fe with a ventral basal and a mesal distal setiferous tubercle. Pa unarmed. Ti with two rows of spines—four (IiII) ventro-mesal ( Fig. 13C ) and five (IiIii) ventro-ectal. Ta with two rows of spines—three (Iii) ventro-mesal ( Fig. 13C ) and four (IiIi) ventro-ectal.

Legs: All the unmentioned podomeres are unarmed or without relevant armature. Cx I–II dorsal proximal face with anterior and posterior basal apophyses (linked with ozopores); simple ones on Cx I, prominent ones on Cx II (posterior apophysis bifurcated, with the anterior bud larger and swollen). Tr I– III each with several ventral tubercles. Fe I–II straight ( Fig. 13C ); Fe III sub-straight ( Fig. 13A, C ). Fe and Ti I– III with prodorsal, proventral, retroventral, and retrodorsal rows of small tubercles (Fe III proventral and retroventral tubercles larger than others). Fe II– III with an outstanding apical retrodorsal spur ( Fig. 13A, C ). Cx IV reaches the DS posterior margin ( Figs 13A , 14A ). Cx IV tuberculate between prodorsal and ventral faces ( Fig. 14A ). Cx IV with a prodorsal apophysis ‘scythe-shaped’, with a conical main branch (subapically bent to posterior), bearing a small accessory blunt branch on its central posterior third ( Figs 13B , 14A ). Cx IV with a short retrolateral apophysis, fused with a small secondary branch ( Figs 13A, C , 14A ). Tr IV rectangle-shaped (in dorsal view) ( Figs 13A, C , 14A ). Tr IV distal portion with a transversal apophysis (screwdriver tip shaped) on prodorsal face ( Fig. 14A, E–F ). Tr IV proximal portion with a conical apophysis on prolateral and retrolateral faces (retrolateral largest) ( Fig. 14A, G–H ). Tr IV with two prominent subconical tubercles (one central and other distal) on prolateral face ( Fig. 14A, E ). Tr IV tuberculate on ventral face ( Fig. 14F– H ). Tr IV distal portion with a subconical prominent tubercle on retrodorsal and retrolateral faces ( Fig. 14A, E, G–H ). Fe IV sub-straight, arched on the central portion towards prodorsal face ( Figs 13B , 14E–H ). Fe IV dorsal face with five conical spines (iiIii), with the four proximal most bent retrolaterad ( Fig. 14E–F, H ). Fe IV prodorsal face with a row of six prominent tubercles ( Fig. 14E–F ). Fe IV prolateral face with three prominent tubercles on proximal third and two prominent tubercles on distal third ( Fig. 14E–G ). Fe IV proventral face with seven prominent tubercles and a distal conical spine ( Fig. 14F–G ). Fe IV ventral face with one prominent tubercle on proximal third ( Fig. 14G ). Fe IV retroventral with three outstanding tubercles and a distalmost subconical spine (all bent retrolaterad) on proximal half, and two conical spines on distal half ( Fig. 14G–H ). Fe IV retrolateral face with a row of nine prominent tubercles on the proximal half and three prominent tubercles on the distal half ( Fig. 14E, G–H ). Fe IV retrodorsal face with ordinary tubercles on proximal half, and four prominent tubercles and one conical spine on distal half ( Fig. 14E, H ). Fe IV apical portion with a sizeable spur on prodorsal and retrodorsal faces, and two subconical outstanding tubercles on dorsal and retrodorsal faces ( Fig. 14E– F, H ). Pa IV dorsally covered by prominent subconical tubercles ( Fig. 14E–F, H–I ). Pa IV proventral and retroventral faces with a row of three spines ( Fig. 14J ). Ti IV with all faces containing longitudinal rows of spines (proventral, retroventral, retrolateral and retrodorsal larger than others) ( Fig. 14I–J ). Mt IV with all faces containing longitudinal rows of small spines. Mt IV with proventral and retroventral apical spurs.

Coloration (in vivo) ( Fig. 12 ): DS lateral inner margins and free tergites background Dark Grayish Olive Green (128). DS lateral outer margins between the anterior portion and scutal area II and DS posterior margin combines Strong Yellowish Brown (74) and Dark Yellow (88). Prominent tubercles on AS and free tergites Deep Yellow (85). Carapace, ocularium, and mesotergum backgrounds Dark Grayish Yellowish Brown (81), with ocularium’s pair of spines Dark Yellowish Brown (78). Carapace posterior tubercles, mesotergum central diamond layer of tubercles, and the DS posterior margin Dark Yellow (88). Mesotergum grooves between scutal areas I–IV Dark Greenish Yellowish Green (151). Scutal area III paramedian outstanding armature Dark Reddish Orange (38). Ch and Pp glossier background Deep Greenish Yellow (100), irregularly covered by Dark Grayish Olive Green (128) spots. Cx Pp and I– III background Moderate Olive Brown (95). Tr–Mt I– III background Moderate Olive (107). Fe II– III retrodorsal apical spur Deep Yellow (85). Cx–Tr IV and Fe IV basal two-thirds background combines Blackish Red (21) and Deep Reddish Brown (41). Cx IV prodorsal apophysis glossier background Reddish Black (24). Cx IV basal two-thirds, Fe IV distal half and Pa IV with tubercles’ apex Deep Yellow (85). Apex of the Cx IV retrodorsal apophysis and Tr IV retrolateral apophyses with Strong Brown (55). Cx IV prodorsal distal tubercles, apex of the Cx IV prodorsal apophysis and of Fe IV spines Vivid Reddish Orange (34). Tr IV and Fe IV proximal half with tubercles’ apex, spines and apophyses Strong Reddish Brown (40). Fe IV distal third and Pa–Mt IV background Dark Grayish Olive (111). Ti I–IV distal portion Moderate Greenish Yellow (102).

Coloration (in ethanol) ( Fig. 13 ): DS anterior and posterior margins, scutal area IV, and free tergites Dark Olive Brown (96). DS lateral outer margins (between the anterior portion and the scutal area II) and free tergites I– III posterior margins Grayish Yellow (90). DS lateral inner margins Dark Grayish Yellowish Brown (81). Carapace, scutal areas I– III, and Cx IV background Deep Yellowish Brown (75). Grooves between the carapace and scutal areas I–IV Dark Grayish Yellow (91). Carapace, mesotergum, free tergites, and Cx IV with tubercles (and their surroundings) Light Orange Yellow (70). Scutal area III paramedian outstanding armature Moderate Olive (107). Ch and Pp background Light Yellow Green (119), with honey-combed details Dark Grayish Olive Green (128) (leg I with that color pattern inverted). Cx Pp and Cx I– III background Moderate Olive Brown (95). Fe– Mt II– III background Pale Yellow (89), with details Dark Olive (108). Cx IV distal third and prodorsal apophysis background Olive Black (114). Tr–Mt IV background combines Dark Grayish Yellowish Brown (81) and Dark Yellow (88). Tr–Pa IV with the apex of the tubercles, spines and apophyses Dark Greenish Yellow (103).

Male genitalia: VP slightly divided into a distal half forming a trapezium (widest at the apex) with latero-apical flaps and a proximal half elliptical ( Fig. 15A–B). VP ventral surface entirely covered with microsetae of type 1 ( Fig. 14B–C ). All macrosetae cylindrical, inserted on lateral of VP. MS A1–A3 thick and acuminated, on the basal part of the VP (A2 and A3 placed at the same height) ( Fig. 15A–C). MS B1 short, inserted ventrally, and close to A2 ( Fig. 15B–C). MS C1–C3 thick and acuminated, forming a longitudinal row on the distal half of VP ( Fig. 15A–C). MS D1 short, closer to C3 than A1 ( Fig. 15A–C). MS E1–E2 very reduced, located on the laterodistal flange of VP—E1 beside MS C1, E2 between C2–C3 ( Fig. 15B–C). Glans sac arising from the middle bulge on the podium, not extended as a dorsal process ( Fig. 15A, C). Stylus and its ventral process axis fused basally, forming a pedestal above the glans ( Fig. 15A, C). Stylus cylindrical, bent at the distal part (forming a plateau) and armed with a set of ventral subapical spines ( Fig. 15A, C–D). Stylus without any expansion or flattening, in situ reaching the distal margin of VP ( Fig. 15A–C). Ventral process bent dorsad, as long and thinner than the stylus ( Fig. 15A, C). Flabellum slightly bent ventrad, hand-shaped (with the main branch provided by short spines) ( Fig. 15A, C–D).

Female ( IBSP 5956) ( Fig. 13D–F ): DS, measurements: CW 2.8, CL 2.0, AW 5.5, AL 3.5; Leg I–IV measurements in Table 10 ; Right/left tarsal (distitarsal) counts: 5(3)/5(3) - 8(3)/7(3) - 7/7 - 7/7. DS posterior margin concave ( Fig. 13D–E ). AS margins less concave than detected on males ( Fig. 13D ). Scutal area III with a pair of paramedian conical spines (c. 20× the ordinary tubercles) ( Fig. 13D–E ). Cx IV is narrower than males, with the prodorsal distal apophysis reduced to a single spine and without a retrolateral distal apophysis ( Fig. 13D, F ). Fe IV straight ( Fig. 13D, F ). Fe IV dorsal face with four spines ( Fig. 13D–E ). Fe IV proventral and retrolateral faces with a row of spines ( Fig. 13F ). Fe IV retrodorsal face with two spines on the distal third.

Intraspecific variation: Some variations among minor morph males and major morph males were detected: (1) Cx IV prodorsal apophysis less developed and bent backward; and (2) Fe–Ti IV with reduced and thinner armature. No relevant intraspecific variation among the females was detected in the material studied.

Figures

Figure 3. South Brazil, showing distribution of Conapesquius species. Shaded areas in the background are Morrone’s regionalization of the Neotropics (‘provinces’; Morrone et al. 2022): Araucaria Forest province (in light green) and Atlantic province (in dark green).

Figure 12.Habitus in vivo of Conapesquius rectipes (Roewer,1913), from Brazil, Santa Catarina,São Bento do Sul, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais Rugendas. ♂ (A–C) and ♀ (D–F). Photographs of Pedro Martins.

Figure 13. Conapesquius rectipes (Roewer, 1913), ♂ (IBSP 6028). A, habitus, dorsal view.B, same, lateral view.C, same, ventral view.♀ (same voucher).D, habitus, dorsal view. E, same, lateral view. F, same, ventral view.Scale bars = 3 mm.

Figure 14. Conapesquius rectipes (Roewer, 1913), ♂ (IBSP 6028). A, habitus, dorsal view.B, ocularium, anterior view.C, habitus, lateral view. D, armature of scutal area III, posterior view.E, right femur IV, dorsal view. F, same, prolateral view. G, same, ventral view. H, same, retrolateral view. I, right patella and tibia IV, dorsal view.J, same, ventral view.Scale bars:1 mm (B, D), 3 mm (A, C, E–J).

Tables

Table 9. Leg measurements of Conapesquius rectipes, ♂ (IBSP 6028)

	Tr	Fe	Pa	Ti	Mt	Ta	Cl	Total
Pp	0.36	1.15	0.52	0.84	−	0.60	0.57	4.04
Leg I	0.48	1.64	0.71	1.29	1.91	1.30	–	7.34
Leg II	0.63	3.45	1.08	2.92	3.60	3.29	–	14.99
Leg III	0.67	2.98	0.94	1.78	2.60	1.53	–	10.51
Leg IV	0.86	3.63	1.12	2.54	3.97	2.00	–	14.13

Table 10. Leg measurements of Conapesquius rectipes, ♀ (IBSP 5956)

	Tr	Fe	Pa	Ti	Mt	Ta	Cl	Total
Pp	0.64	1.35	0.74	1.01	−	0.92	0.76	5.43
Leg I	0.45	1.90	0.81	1.37	2.22	1.25	–	8.01
Leg II	0.77	4.03	1.06	3.12	4.55	2.42	–	15.97
Leg III	0.82	3.12	0.95	2.07	3.14	1.69	–	11.81
Leg IV	1.06	3.94	1.34	2.59	4.98	1.72	–	15.65