Heteropsis salicifolia, Kunth, Enum. Pl.

Soares, M. Lourdes, Mayo, Simon J. & Gribel, Rogério, 2013, A Preliminary Taxonomic Revision of Heteropsis (Araceae), Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 38 (4), pp. 925-974 : 962-965

14. HETEROPSIS SALICIFOLIA Kunth ,

Enum. Pl. 3: 60. 1841.

— TYPE: BRAZIL. F. Sellow s n. (lectotype: K!, here designated).

Heteropsis riedeliana Schott , Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 9: 99. 1859. Heteropsis salicifolia var. riedeliana (Schott) Engl. in C. F. P. Martius (ed.), Fl. Bras. III. 2. 29 (1878), and in A. and C. De Candolle, Monographiae Phanerogamarum 2: 100. 1879.

— TYPE: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Riedel s.n. (holotype: LE).

Plant a scandent hemi-epiphyte; shoot with internodes 2– 4.5 cm long, 3–3.5 mm diam, longitudinally striate when dried, subquadrangular, flattened on one side, grey-green when dried; axillary bud 2–3 mm long, extrorse, apex acute. Petiole 3–7 mm long, 1–3 mm diam, canaliculate, margin paler and membranaceous when dried, sinuate towards the apex; geniculum ca. 3 mm long, dark when dried; leaf blade 8–17 cm long, 1.8–3.0 (–4) cm wide, lanceolate to obovate, when fresh dark green on both surfaces to slightly paler below, chartaceous, semi-glossy, when dried subcoriaceous, greenish brown, 0.09–0.18 mm thick, apex cuspidate to acuminate, base cuneate, midrib slightly sulcate adaxially, prominent, green to yellowish abaxially, primary lateral veins and interprimaries prominent on abaxial surface, infra-marginal collective vein prominent, 1–2 (–2.5) mm distant from margin, external marginal veins 1–2. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, flowering shoot 2–11 cm long, internodes 2–3.5 cm long, 1–2.8 mm diam, greenish brown, slightly sulcate; peduncle 1–2 mm long, 1–1.5 mm diam, green; spathe 2– 4 cm long, when closed 0.7–0.8 cm diam, when open ca. 1.5 cm wide, obovate, convolute, yellow, greenish to pale cream, as long as the spadix, apex cuspidate, usually twisted; spadix 1.3–3.5 cm long, 5–8 mm diam, cylindric, apex rounded to acuminate, white-cream, stipitate, stipe 1–2 mm + 1.4–2 mm diam, yellowish-green, cylindric. Stamens 1.5–2 mm long, 1 mm wide, anthers ovate to elliptic; gynoecium ca. 2 mm long, 2.5 mm diam, prismatic, apex 1.25–2.5 mm diam, ovary 2-locular, ca. 1.5 mm long, locules filled with a translucid, mucilaginous substance, ovules 2 per locule, 0.4–0.5 mm long, anatropous, subsessile, placentation sub-basal, stigma oblong, depressed. Infructescence 2.5–5.5 cm long, 1.3–2 cm diam; berry 6–10 + 6–8 mm, green when immature, not seen when mature; seed 6–8 + 6–7 mm, obovoid, testa glossy. Figures 2B , 7F, 7G , 8C , 25 .

Habitat and Distribution— Heteropsis salicifolia occurs only in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), where it occurs up to 800 m alt.

Phenology— Flowering specimens have been collected in March, August and December, and fruiting mateiral in December and January.

Conservation Status— Using guidance from the Geocat (2012) online tool, the preliminary conservation assessment of H. salicifolia is least concern (LC), based on 19 localities and a 50 km cell width (auto value cell size option for area of occupancy).

Etymology— The specific epithet refers to the similarity of the leaf size and shape to those of the genus Salix .

Notes— Heteropsis salicifolia is known only from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. It is highly branched and occurs at heights below 10 m in shaded forests. It is similar morphologically to H. oblongifolia but differs by its narrower leaf blades, non-revolute leaf margin, tertiary venation with the reticulations more distant from one another and especially by the spathe, which is ovate with a cuspidate and usually twisted apex. H. oblongifolia on the other hand, has a revolute leaf margin, strongly and more densely reticulated tertiary leaf venation and the spathe is oblong-ovate and inflated with a rounded to abruptly cuspidate apex which is only occasionally twisted.

Heteropsis salicifolia Kunth was originally based on an unnumbered collection made by Friedrich Sellow (also known as “Sello,” see Urban 1893) in Brazil (“Brasilia meridionalis”). This specimen would have been deposited at the Berlin Herbarium (B), which included Kunth’s own herbarium ( Coelho and Mayo 2007: 215) but it no longer exists there. There are two drawings of herbarium specimens in Schott’s Icones Aroideae (Icones Nos. 3581, 3582; Nicolson and Riedl 1984, Schott 1984) determined by Schott as Heteropsis salicifolia which have the data “Hrb. Berol. Bras. Sellow”. Using the same arguments as previously given for H. oblongifolia , these most probably depict the holotype collection and just as in that case, there is a specimen at Kew (K). This has the label “ Heteropsis salicifolia . Kth. Ex Herb. Reg. Berolinense. 1859 Brasilia. Sello.” and can be accepted as originally an isotype. We therefore select this specimen as the lectotype.

Heteropsis riedeliana was described by Schott based on unnumbered material collected in Brazil by Ludwig Riedel and was later reduced by Engler (1878) as H. salicifolia var. riedeliana in his treatment for Flora brasiliensis. According to Engler the Riedel specimen was collected in Rio de Janeiro and later ( Engler 1905) he states that the specimen is at Saint Petersburg Herbarium (LE). This is confirmed by the data on Schott’s Icones Nos. 3579 and 3580 ( Nicolson and Riedl 1984).

Additional Specimens Examined— BRAZIL. Bahia: Ilhéus, 8 Nov 2005, Soares et al. 750 ( CEPEC, INPA, fl). Espirito Santo: Reserva Florestal de Linhares , 27 Nov 1997, Folli 3080 ( RB fl) ; 23 Nov 1973, Pinheiro & Santos 2226 (CEPEC fl), 20 Oct 1971; Santa Teresa , 30 Nov 2000, Demuner & Bausen 1553 ( INPA, MBML fl) ; Dois Irmãos , 20 Nov 1985, Boone 909 ( BHCB, INPA, MBML, MO fl) ; Santo Antônio, mata do Boza , 17 Nov 2004, Soares et al. 601 ( INPA, MBML fl) ; Fazenda Santa Lúcia , 19 57 ' 24 '' S, 40 32 ' 37 '' W, 25 Nov 1999, Zappi et al. 442 ( SP fl) ; Nova Lombardia, Goiapaboac ¸u, 2 Dec 1985, Boone 939 (CEPEC, INPA, MBML, MO, RB fl) ; Reserva Biológica A. Ruschi , 6 Nov 2001, Kollmann & Bausen 4944 ( INPA, MBML fl) ; 16 Apr 2002, Vervloet et al. 126 ( INPA, MBML fr), 24 Oct 2002, Vervloet et al. 1271 ( INPA, MBML fl) ; São Lourenc¸o-Caixa D’Agua, 30 Nov 1999, Demuner & Pizziolo 273 ( INPA, MBML fl). Minas Gerais: Caratinga-Matão , 19 Mar 1994, Lombardi 527 ( BHCB fl) ; 24 Oct 1984, Lopes & Andrade 594 (BHCB fl); 9 Nov 1985, Lopes & Andrade 789 ( BHCB fl) ; 11 Jan 1991, Stehmann s.n. ( BHCB, MO fr) ; Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce , 28 Aug 1993, Barbosa 28 ( BHCB, MO fl) ; Parque Estadual do Rio Doce , 24 Mar 2000, Temponi et al. 102 (VIC fl) ; 12 Dec 2002, Temponi et al. 194 ( VIC fr). Rio de Janeiro: 2 Oct 1874, Glaziou 6999 ( P fl) ; 25 Nov 1981, Araújo 3695 (K fl); 14 Nov 1971, Sucre 1967 (MO, RB fl) ; 16 Sep 1987, Gomes et al. 235 (RB fl); Angra , 1 Dec 1992, Araújo et al. 9697 (GUA fl) ; Corcovado , 6 Dec 1825, Burchell 1125 (K ster) ; 16 Mar 1869, Glaziou 3113 (P ster); 1 Jun 1915, Hoehne 181 (SP fl); Itaguaí , 25 Nov 1981, Araújo 3695 (K fl) ; Santa Maria Madalena , 18 Feb 1981, Mayo et al. 559 (K, MO fr) ; Tijuca, Alto de Boa Vista , 20 Apr 1980, s.c. ( MO ster). São Paulo: São Paulo, 24 Mar 1827, Burchell 4649 ( K ster) ; Cubatão , 9 Dec 1826, Burchell 3492 (K fl) ; Interlagos , 10 Jan 1996, Cordeiro 1633 (SP fl), 1875, Mosen 3483 (P fl) ; Reserva Ecológica da Juréia , 6 Dec 1994, Cordeiro et al. 1468 (SP fr) ; Reserva Biológica do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga , 22 Nov 1996, Jung & De Barros 366 (SP fl) ; 6 Dec 1978, Wanderley 106 (SP fl); Vila Facchini , 31 Sep 1982, Saran et al. 2 (SP fl) ; 20 Apr 1980, Plowman 10099 (MO, RB ster).

Figures

FIG. 2. Geographical distribution of species of Heteropsis. A. H. oblongifolia and H. peruviana. B. H. rigidifolia, H. robusta, H. salicifolia, and H. spruceana. Drawn by Francisca D. A. Matos.

FIG. 7. A–M. Inflorescences in bud and at anthesis. A. Heteropsis duckeana. B–C. H. flexuosa. D–E. H. oblongifolia. F–G. Bud and open inflorescence of H. salicifolia, respectively. H. H. spruceana. I–J. Bud and open inflorescence of H. steyermarkii, respectively. L–M. H. tenuispadix. (photos A–C, H–J and M by M. L. Soares; D–G by Hélio; L by Projeto Flora Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke).

FIG. 8. A–G. Inflorescences after anthesis. A. H. duckeana. B. H. flexuosa. C. H. salicifolia. D. H. spruceana. E–F. H. steyermarkii. G. H. tenuispadix. (photos: A, B, D-F by M. L. Soares; C by M. Nadruz; G by Projeto Flora Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke).

FIG. 25. Heteropsis salicifolia. A. Habit. B. Venation of right abaxial surface of leaf blade. C. Oblique lateral view of inflorescence. D. Spadix. E. Lateral view of flower. F. Frontal view of stamen. G. Longitudinal section of gynoecium. H. Transverse section of ovary. I. Lateral view of ovule. (A and B prepared from Boone 939; C–I from Soares et al. 750 (INPA)). Drawn by Felipe França.