Celtis gardneri Planchon (1848: 311)

Zamengo, Henrique Borges, Chamorro, Débora C., Houtepen, Erika. T., Gaglioti, André Luiz, Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, Prado, Darién E. & Oakley, Luis J., 2025, Taxonomic revision of the Celtis iguanaea complex (Cannabaceae), Phytotaxa 689 (1), pp. 53-98 : 70-71

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.689.1.5
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707437
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0BD67-313E-9D77-54D5-FD0D7AF6A2DC
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Celtis gardneri Planchon (1848: 311)
status

Treatment

5. Celtis gardneri Planchon (1848: 311) View in CoL ( Figures 2E–E View FIGURE 2 3 View FIGURE 3 , 4E View FIGURE 4 , 5I–J View FIGURE 5 , 6I–J View FIGURE 6 2 View FIGURE 2 , 7 View FIGURE 7 ).

Lectotype (designated by Zamengo et al. 2023b):— BRAZIL. Sergipe: Porto da Folha, São Pedro Island, São Francisco River , February– April 1838, fl. & fr., G. Gardner 1406 (lectotype: K [000575973] image!; isolectotypes: G [00354615, 00354624] images!, GH [00034260] image!, K [000964240 left branch] image!, NY [00441092] image!, P [00089353, P00089354] images!, S [8976] image!, US [01117635] image!).

Scrambling shrubs, 2–6 m tall; secondary and tertiary branches chestnut-brown or cinereous-gray, sinuous, sulcate, pilose, the trichomes ivory-white; thorns 3–6 mm long, in pairs or solitary, curved, semi-curved to straight, cinereous-gray or fuscous-brown, pilose to pubescent, the trichomes ivory-white, concentrated at the base and scarce over the rest of the surface. Leaf: petiole 5–7 mm long, pilose to pubescent, the trichomes ivory-white, leaf blades elliptic, 5–6 × 2.5–3 cm, concolorous (emerald-green, cinnamon-brown or olive-green), chartaceous, the apex acuminated, the base symmetrical, rounded or obtuse, the margins serrate, congested teeth emerging from the proximal third to the distal (immature leaves) or from the middle to the distal third (mature leaves), adaxial surface scabrous or smooth, lustrous, subglabrous to pilose throughout or sometimes concentrated on the veins and scarce on the blade surface, the trichomes ivory-white, abaxial surface velvety or smooth, subglabrous to pilose throughout, the trichomes ivory-white, veins non-protruding, chestnut-brown or cinnamon-brown, pockets domatia conspicuous, pilose, the trichomes ivory-white, ciliate. Cymes glomerulate, peduncles 2–4 mm long, pilose to pubescent, the trichomes ivory-white, bracts absent. Staminate flowers: pedicels 0.5–1 mm long, pilose to pubescent, the trichomes ivory-white, sepals abaxially pilose, the trichomes ivory-white, the margins ciliate. Pistillate flowers: pedicels 2–4 mm long, pilose to pubescent, the trichomes ivory-white; ovary 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, subglabrous to pubescent throughout or concentrated at the base and scarce over the rest of the surface, the trichomes ivory-white, velvety or smooth, style conspicuous (0.6–1 mm long), the stigmatic branches 2–2.5 mm long, bifid, the lobes 0.6–1 mm long. Drupe: globose or ovate, 7.1–7.5 × 7.9– 8.6 mm, epicarp fulvous-orange, smooth, glabrous or subglabrous, the trichomes ivory-white; mesocarp not viscous, membranous, not ornamented; pyrene ovate, 4.2–5 × 3.5–4.2 mm, ivory-white with alveolate-crateriform-verrucose surface and proeminent, rounded, randomly distributed warts, monoapiculate, the apiculum aciculate, 0.75–1 mm long, linear apex apiculum, scar absent.

Etymology: —The epithet “ gardneri ” honors George Gardner, the collector of the type.

Vernacular names: —Espora de galo, espora de pinto, esporão, esporão de galo, grão de galo, joá branco, joá cipó, joá de espinho, juá and juazeiro ( Brazil).

Distribution, habitat and ecology: —Endemic to Brazil, most records from the Caatinga ( Figure 7 View FIGURE 7 ). The species occurs in gallery forests, dry forests and steppe savannas. It has an affinity for sandy soils and litholic neosols. Heliophilous, all records from open environments with high incidence of light.

Phenology: —Flowering from January to October and fruiting all year.

Taxonomic notes: — Baehni (1936) and Berg & Dahlberg (2001) synonymized C. gardneri under C. iguanaea . These species should be recognized independently, because C. gardneri has sulcate secondary and tertiary branches; pilose to pubescent thorns; mature leaves with margins serrated from the middle to the distal third ( Figure 2E View FIGURE 2 ), abaxial surface with trichomes throughout, conspicuous domatia ( Figure 2E View FIGURE 2 3 View FIGURE 3 ); glomerulate cyme ( Figure 4E View FIGURE 4 ); conspicuous style ( Figure 5J View FIGURE 5 ); and alveolate-crateriform-verrucose pyrene surface ( Figure 6J View FIGURE 6 ), whereas C. iguanaea has terete secondary and tertiary branches; glabrous to subglabrous thorns; mature leaves with entire margins ( Figure 3A View FIGURE 3 ) or with teeth restricted to the distal third ( Figure 9D View FIGURE 9 ), abaxial surface with trichomes concentrated on the veins and scarce on the blade surface, inconspicous domatia ( Figure 3A3 View FIGURE 3 ); paniculiform cyme ( Figure 4F View FIGURE 4 ); inconspicous or no style ( Figure 5N View FIGURE 5 ), and verrucose pyrene surface ( Figure 6N View FIGURE 6 ).

Additional material examined: — BRAZIL. Alagoas: Maravilha, subida da Serra da Caiçara em direção a torre de telefonia, 23 March 2006, fr., R.P. Lyra-Lemos et al. 9267 ( MAC). Palmeira dos Índios, Fazenda Boa Sorte , 9º32’38” S, 35º49’58” W, 5 April 2008, fl., R.P. Lyra-Lemos et al. 11055 ( MAC). Pão de Açúcar, próximo ao Rio São Francisco, 9º42’65” S, 37º30’13” W, 23 June 2002, fr., R.P. Lyra-Lemos et al. 6911 ( MAC). Pilar, Fazenda Lamarão, 20 June 2006, fr., R.P. Lyra-Lemos et al. 9616 ( MAC). Santana do Ipanema, Serra do Gugi, 31 January 2010, fl. & fr., Chagas-Mota 7466 ( MAC). Viçosa, Serra Dois Irmãos, margem do Rio Paraíba, 28 February 2009, fr., Chagas-Mota 2238 ( MAC). Ceará: Aracoiaba, 4º30’00” S, 38º42’00” W, 19 February 2014, fl., W. Batista 263 ( EAC, RB). Barbalha, 24 March 2023, fr., A.C. Sampaio 1 ( RB). Fortaleza, beira alta do riacho da 1º ponte da estrada de Maracanaú, 7 October 1955, fl., A. Ducke 2492 ( RB). Sergipe: Porto da Folha, povoado dos índios Xocó, divisa entre Alagoas e Sergipe, nas margens do rio São Francisco, 9º47’18” S, 37º21’51” W, 24 March 2022, fl., & fr., H.B.Z. Souza & I. M. dos Santos 224 ( RB).